search
Rufe wannan akwatin nema.

Game da Lymphoma

Gwajin bincike da aka yi a dakin gwaje-gwaje

Ana yin gwaje-gwajen gano cutar a cikin dakin gwaje-gwajen cututtukan da kwararrun likitoci da masana kimiyya suka yi.  Samfuran nama zai iya haɗawa da gwaje-gwajen jini da biopsies na nama. Wani lokaci samfuran nama na iya buƙatar aikawa zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙwararru a babban asibiti don a yi waɗannan gwaje-gwaje.

Jiran sakamakon wasu daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya zama wani lokaci dalili na jinkirin fara magani. Yana da matukar mahimmanci cewa likitoci suna da duk bayanan da suke buƙata don yanke shawarar mafi kyawun magani ga majiyyaci.

A kan wannan shafi:

Me yasa ake yin gwajin gano cutar?

Akwai gwaje-gwaje da yawa da ake yi don tabbatar da ganewar cutar lymphoma. Akwai kwararrun likitocin da suka samu horo na musamman a wannan fanni domin fassara wadannan gwaje-gwajen daga jini, da kwayoyin lymph nodes da marrow na kasusuwa don gano cututtuka.

Kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka fahimta game da lymphoma, ana ƙirƙira sababbin gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci don sanar da likitoci game da ganewar asali. Yana zama mafi mahimmanci don yin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje don su fahimci nau'i da halayyar lymphoma kafin yanke shawara akan maganin da ya dace ga majiyyaci.

A cikin dakin gwaje-gwajen ƙwayoyin cuta samfuran nama za su yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa don rarraba ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Suna kuma duba siffar su, girmansu da kuma yadda aka haɗa su a cikin samfurori daga ƙwayoyin lymph da marrow na kashi, ta hanyar dubawa a karkashin ma'aunin gani. Za su yi ƙarin gwaje-gwaje irin su immunophenotyping, nazarin cytogenetic da / ko nazarin kwayoyin halitta don gano ƙarin bayani don nuna yadda ƙwayar lymphoma zata iya nunawa.

Canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halittar ku da chromosomes na iya taimakawa wajen gano cututtukan ku, kuma suna iya shafar zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya ku

Menene Immunophenotyping?

Immunophenotyping tsari ne da ake amfani da shi don rarrabe tsakanin nau'ikan sel daban-daban. Alal misali, bambanci tsakanin ƙwayoyin lymphocytes na al'ada da ƙwayoyin lymphoma. Yana yin haka ta hanyar gano ƙananan abubuwan ganowa, wanda ake kira 'alama' or 'Antigens' waɗanda aka bayyana akan sel.

Immunophenotyping yana ba da bayani game da nau'ikan maganin rigakafi samu a ciki ko a ciki Kwayoyin jinin jini (WBCs). Wannan gwajin zai iya taimakawa wajen ganowa da gano takamaiman nau'in lymphoma. A wasu lokuta, bayanin zai iya hango ko hasashen yadda ƙwayar lymphoma ke da ƙarfi ko kuma yadda za ta kasance ga jiyya. Ana iya yin gwaji don ganin yadda maganin ya yi tasiri da kuma neman kowace cuta da ta saura ko ta sake faruwa.

Immunophenotyping za a iya yi ta hanyoyi biyu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da gwajin da ake kira immunohistochemistry (IHC) ko cytometry kwarara.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Immunophenotyping za a iya yi ta hanyoyi biyu. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), a nan ne ake shafa tabo ga sel waɗanda ke kan zamewar. Sannan ana duba su a karkashin na'urar microscope. Tabon za su gano antigens ko alamomi da ke kan sel.

Gudun cytometry

Wata hanyar ita ce cytometry kwarara. A cikin wannan gwajin ana sarrafa samfurin kuma ana ƙara ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda aka yiwa alama da alamun kyalli. Wadannan kwayoyin cutar haɗa zuwa takamaiman maganin rigakafi lokacin da suke nan. Samfurin yana gudana ta cikin kayan aiki da ake kira a cytometry kwarara inda ake nazarin sel guda ɗaya.

Gudun cytometry yana auna lamba da adadin ƙwayoyin sel a cikin samfurin jini da halayen tantanin halitta kamar girman, siffa da kasancewar ma'aunin halitta a saman tantanin halitta. Hakanan cytometry mai gudana na iya gano ragowar matakan cuta bayan jiyya. Wannan yana taimaka wa likitan gano koma bayan cuta kuma ya sake farawa magani idan an buƙata.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

  • Yanke-yanke na samfurin biopsy (ko siraran ruwa) ana bi da su tare da saitin ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke gane alamomi daban-daban da aka samu a cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin lymphoma ko leukemic daban-daban da lymphocytes na yau da kullun.
  • Masanin ilimin cututtuka yana bincika nunin faifai a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa don neman canjin launi da ake iya gani wanda ke faruwa lokacin da ƙwayar cuta ta manne da alamar.
  • Masanin ilimin cututtuka yana gano kuma yana ƙidaya adadin ƙwayoyin da aka haskaka da launi (ma'anar cewa suna da kyau ga alamar) tare da kowane nau'i na rigakafi daban-daban.

Gudun cytometry

  • Kwayoyin daga samfurin biopsy ana sanya su a cikin wani bayani na ruwa kuma ana bi da su tare da jeri na rigakafi waɗanda ke gane antigens daban-daban da aka samu a cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin lymphoma daban-daban.
  • Ana allura cakudawar kwayar halitta-antibody cikin kayan aiki da ake kira cytometer kwarara. Wannan injin yana amfani da katako na Laser don fahimtar launuka daban-daban da kwayoyin halitta ke fitarwa daga nau'ikan rigakafi daban-daban da aka makala musu. Ana auna wannan bayanin ta hanyar kwamfuta kuma ana fassara su ta hanyar likitan dabbobi.

Menene bincike na cytogenetic?

Sinadarin ya ƙunshi kwayoyin halitta waɗanda suka ƙunshi dogayen igiyoyin DNA. Kwayoyin lafiyar mutum suna da nau'i-nau'i 23 na chromosomes. An raba Chromosomes zuwa yankuna biyu da ake kira 'makamai', wadanda ake kira p (gajeren hannu) da q (tsawon hannu). Wasu lymphomas da sauran nau'in ciwon daji suna da chromosomes da yawa ko kuma suna da chromosomes tare da tsari mara kyau. Mafi yawanci Kwayoyin kwayoyi sun karye kuma an sake haɗa su (fassarar), ta yadda sassan chromosome ba su da alaƙa da juna wanda ke haifar da kunna siginar haɓakar ƙari.

In cytogenetic analysis, Ana bincika ƙwayoyin chromosomes daga ƙwayoyin kansa a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa don bincika cewa babu chromosomes da yawa ko yawa. Yawancin lokaci yana ɗaukar makonni biyu zuwa uku don samun sakamako daga gwajin cytogenetic saboda dole ne a girma isashen adadin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don samun isassun kwayoyin halitta don bincike.

Sakamakon cytogenetic bincike Hakanan zai iya taimakawa bambance tsakanin daban daban of ba Hodgkin lymphoma ko taimako wajen yin shawarwarin magani.

Menene nau'ikan rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal?

Wani nau'i na rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal da ake samu a wasu nau'in lymphoma ana kiransa fassara, wanda ke faruwa a lokacin da wani ɓangare na chromosome ya rabu daga wurin da ya saba kuma ya zama manne da wani chromosome.

Wani nau'in rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal ana kiransa a shafewa, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da wani ɓangare na chromosome ya ɓace. An rubuta wannan, misali a matsayin del(17p), lura da cewa an sami gogewa a cikin gajeriyar hannu na chromosome 17.

Me yasa majiyyaci zai iya buƙatar ƙarin gwajin kwayoyin halitta?

Likitoci na iya yin odar ƙarin gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta don tabbatar da sakamakon gwaje-gwajen cytogenetic ko don samun ƙarin cikakkun bayananmu game da nau'ikan lalacewar bayanan kwayoyin halittar ƙwayoyin lymphoma.

Nau'in ƙarin gwajin kwayoyin halitta

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

  • KIFI yana amfani da sinadarai masu kyalli don haɗawa da wasu sassa na chromosomes na musamman don nuna kasancewar jujjuyawar wuri da sauran manyan ɓarna.
  • KIFI yana ba masu bincike hanyar da za su iya hangowa da taswirar abubuwan halitta a cikin sel mutum, gami da takamaiman kwayoyin halitta ko sassan kwayoyin halitta. Ana iya amfani da wannan don fahimtar nau'ikan rashin daidaituwa na chromosomal da sauran maye gurbi.
  • Ana iya yin KIFI akan jini, ƙwayoyin lymph, ko samfuran maƙarƙashiya, kuma yawanci ana samun sakamakon gwaji a cikin 'yan kwanaki (fiye da gwajin cytogenetic).

Maganin sarkar polymerase (PCR)

  • PCR gwaji ne da ake amfani da shi don auna takamaiman kwayoyin halitta (watau DNA) waɗanda ba za a iya gani a ƙarƙashin na'ura mai kwakwalwa ba.
  • Ana iya yin gwajin PCR akan ƙananan ƙwayoyin sel, kuma yawanci yana ɗaukar kusan mako guda don samun waɗannan sakamakon.

DNA sequencing

  • Wasu abubuwan rashin daidaituwa a cikin haɓakar ƙari suna faruwa saboda canje-canje a cikin jerin takamaiman kwayoyin halitta ko tsarin kwayoyin halitta.
  • Wadannan binciken na iya taimakawa wajen bayyana nau'in ciwon daji, ƙayyade tsinkaye, ko tasiri zabin magani.
  • Za a iya jera nau'in kwayar halittar mutum ɗaya ko kuma za'a iya jera rukunin sanannun ƙwayoyin halitta masu mahimmanci lokaci ɗaya.

Ta yaya majiyyaci zai sami sakamakonsa?

Waɗannan gwaje-gwaje na musamman ne da ake yi kawai a wasu dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Likitan jini zai sami sakamakon kuma ya fassara waɗannan tare da duk sauran sakamakon gwajin. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kaɗan don dawowa kuma wasu gwaje-gwaje na iya ɗaukar ƴan kwanaki wasu kuma na iya ɗaukar makonni.

Yana da mahimmanci a sami wasu daga cikin waɗannan bayanan kafin a fara magani don tabbatar da cewa ana ba da maganin da ya dace ga kowane majiyyaci. Yana da mahimmanci ga marasa lafiya su san cewa ya kamata a yi gwajin gwaji tsakanin likita da majiyyaci.

Menene ma'anar rahoton?

Wasu marasa lafiya suna son sake duba rahotannin da aka rubuta; lokacin yin haka, yana da mahimmanci ga majiyyaci ya bincika binciken a hankali tare da likitan su. Wannan saboda sau da yawa likita yana fassara sakamako da yawa daga gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don yin ganewar asali.

Wannan misali ne na wasu alamomin CD na nau'ikan lymphoma daban-daban wadanda ba Hodgkin ba da likitoci ke duba don ganin menene cutar ta lymphoma, duba teburin da ke ƙasa:

 

Lura: Ɗaya daga cikin alamomi masu amfani don ganewar cutar lymphoma Hodgkin shine CD30

Taimako da bayanai

Yi rajista zuwa wasiƙar labarai

Wannan raba
Siyayya

Rajista Labarai

Tuntuɓi Lymphoma Australia A Yau!

Lura: Ma'aikatan Lymphoma Ostiraliya suna iya amsawa kawai ga imel ɗin da aka aika cikin harshen Ingilishi.

Ga mutanen da ke zaune a Ostiraliya, za mu iya ba da sabis na fassarar waya. Ka sa ma'aikacin jinya ko dangin ku masu magana da Ingilishi su kira mu don shirya wannan.