Tsarin mu na lymph yana da muhimmiyar hanyar sadarwa na tasoshin, ƙwayoyin lymph da gabobin da ke aiki tare don kiyaye mu lafiya. Yana da muhimmin sashi na tsarin garkuwar jikin mu kuma ba tsarin garkuwar jikin mu ko lymphatic ba zai iya aiki ba tare da ɗayan ba.
A kan wannan shafi za mu ba da taƙaitaccen bayani game da menene tsarin mu na lymphatic da rigakafi, da abin da suke yi don kiyaye mu lafiya.
Menene ya ƙunshi tsarin lymphatic da rigakafi?
Tsarin lymphatic ɗinmu ya ƙunshi:
- Lymph nodes
- Tasoshin Lymphatic
- Lymphocytes (nau'in farin jini)
- Gabobin ciki har da namu:
- Kashiba
- Thymus gland shine yake
- Tonsils da adenoids
- shafi
- Baffa.
Tsarin rigakafinmu ya ƙunshi:
- Tsarin lymphatic
- Shingayen jiki kamar fata, mucosa da acid na ciki.
- Antibodies (wanda B-cell lymphocytes ke yi)
- Duk fararen jini da suka haɗa da:
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
- kwayoyin mast
- macrophages
- sel dendritic
- lymphocytes
Ta yaya tsarin mu na lymphatic da tsarin rigakafi ke aiki tare?
Tsarin garkuwar jikin mu yana kunshe da dukkan kwayoyin halitta da sassan jikinmu wadanda suke kare mu daga kwayoyin cuta ko lahani da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta da cututtuka. Kwayoyin jinin mu suna yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma suna gane, gyara ko lalata ƙwayoyin da suka lalace. Fatar mu, mucosa da acid ɗin cikinmu suna aiki don samar da shingen da ke hana ƙwayoyin cuta shiga, ko yaduwa ta cikin jikinmu.
Tsarinmu na lymphatic shine hanyar sadarwar sufuri (tasoshin jini da ruwa na lymph) don tsarin garkuwar jikin mu, kuma yana taimakawa wajen motsa dukkanin kwayoyin jikinmu ta jikinmu, da kuma cire duk wani kayan da aka lalata daga ayyukan rigakafi. Har ila yau, yana ba da wurare a cikin jikinmu (lymph nodes da gabobin jiki) don tsarin rigakafi don yin aikinsa.
Karin bayani game da tsarin garkuwar jikin mu
Tsarin garkuwar jikin mu yana da manyan ayyuka guda biyu - rigakafi na asali da rigakafi na daidaitawa. Waɗannan ayyuka guda biyu suna aiki da kyau don ba mu kariya ta kai tsaye da kuma dorewa daga ƙwayoyin cuta da lalacewa waɗanda ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta da cuta.
Immunity na asali
Immunity na asali shine rigakafi da aka haife mu da shi. Ya haɗa da shingen jiki da kuma wasu farin jininmu waɗanda nan da nan suka gane ƙwayoyin da suka lalace ko kuma ba namu (kwayoyin cuta) kuma suka fara yaƙi da su.
Shingayen jiki
Skin – Fatar mu ita ce mafi girman gabobin jikinmu. Yana kare mu ta hanyar yin shingen jiki wanda ke hana yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta shiga cikin jikinmu. Lokacin da muka yanke kanmu ko kuma fata ta karye ko ta ɓace, za mu iya fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da cuta saboda ƙwayoyin cuta suna iya shiga jikinmu.
Mucous membranes – Wani lokaci muna iya shakar kwayoyin cuta. A cikin waɗannan lokuta muna da ƙwayoyin mucosa waɗanda ke layi akan hancinmu da hanyoyin iska waɗanda ke kama ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna ba da damar ƙwayoyin rigakafin mu su kama su kuma su kai musu hari. Muna da nau'ikan mucosa masu kama da juna waɗanda ke layin sauran sassan jikinmu waɗanda ke aiki iri ɗaya.
Ciwon ciki – Idan muka ci abinci mai dauke da kwayoyin cuta, acid din cikinmu an tsara shi ne don kashe kwayoyin cuta. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen hana mu rashin lafiya ko kamuwa da gubar abinci.
Farin sel – Galibin fararen kwayoyin halittar mu in ban da lymphocytes wani bangare ne na garkuwar jikin mu. Akwai aiki da sauri gane duk wani tantanin halitta ko kwayoyin halitta wanda yayi kama da ba nasa ba kuma fara hari. Ba su da takamaiman, amma suna aiki da sauri. Da zarar sun yi yaƙi da ƙwayar cuta, sai su aika da sigina zuwa ƙwayoyin rigakafi na mu don sanar da su su zo su shiga yaƙi ko yin rubutu su yi. ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa (duba rigakafi na daidaitawa) domin a kara yin shiri don yakar cutar idan ta dawo..
Mafi yawan farin tantanin halitta na rigakafi da za ku ji game da shi shine naku neutrophils. Waɗannan su ne dokin aikin rigakafin ku na asali, amma zai iya zama ƙasa da adadi lokacin da kuke da lymphoma ko CLL. Jiyya ga waɗannan kuma na iya rage adadin neutrophils, yana sa ku cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Lokacin da neutrophils ke ƙasa, ana kiran shi neutropenia.
Kariya mai daidaitawa (samu).
Immunity namu kuma ana kiransa rigakafi saboda ba a haife mu da shi ba. A maimakon haka muna samun (ko haɓaka) yayin da muke cikin rayuwa kuma muna fuskantar nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban. Sau da yawa ana kiransa “ƙwaƙwalwar rigakafi” saboda rigakafinmu na daidaitawa yana tunawa da cututtukan da muka taɓa yi a baya kuma yana adana wasu ƙwararrun sel waɗanda ake kira Memory B-cells ko ƙwaƙwalwar T-cells a cikin nodes ɗinmu da ƙwayoyin lymphatic.
Idan muka sake samun ƙwayoyin cuta iri ɗaya, ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarmu sun fara aiki tare da takamaiman hari na musamman don yaƙar kwayar cutar kafin ta sami damar sanya mu rashin lafiya. Amma kowanne daga cikin sel ƙwaƙwalwar mu yana gane ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya ne kawai, wanda ke nufin ba sa yaƙi kamar ƙwayoyin rigakafi na halitta, amma sun fi tasiri wajen yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta da suke tunawa.
Babban sel na rigakafi na mu'amala shine sel iri ɗaya waɗanda ke zama masu cutar kansa lokacin da kuke da lymphoma ko CLL - Kayayyaki.
Kwayoyin rigakafi (Immunoglubulins)
Mafi girma nau'in sel B ana kiran su Plasma B-cells, kuma suna yin rigakafi don yaƙar cututtuka. Ana kuma kiran ƙwayoyin rigakafi immunoglobulins. Saboda lymphoma da CLL na iya shafar ƙwayoyin B na ku, wasu mutane na iya samun ƙananan matakan rigakafi kuma sun fi dacewa su yi rashin lafiya. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, ana iya ba ku jiko na rigakafi da ake kira IntraVyawa ImunGlubulins - IVIG, wanda ya zo daga mai bayarwa.
Alurar riga kafi na aiki ta hanyar kunna rigakafin mu mai daidaitawa. Ta hanyar fallasa mu zuwa wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta ko ɓarna na ƙwayar cuta, wannan bai isa ya sa mu rashin lafiya ba, yana taimaka wa tsarin mu na daidaitawa don ganewa da sanya ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don yaƙar kamuwa da cuta idan muka kamu da shi a nan gaba.
Ƙara koyo game da kowane ɓangaren tsarin lymphatic da rigakafi, ta danna kan kanun labarai da ke ƙasa.
Lymph nodes kuma a wasu lokuta ana kiran su gland. Yawancin lokaci ba za ku san kunnuwan ku ba, amma idan kun taɓa samun kumbura a wuyanku ko layin jaw yayin kamuwa da kunne ko makogwaro, wannan shine kumburin kumburin ku. Nodes na lymph na ku suna kumbura yayin da ƙwayoyin rigakafinku suka fara yaƙi da kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Ana kawo kwayoyin cutar zuwa cikin kumburin lymph inda aka lalata su kuma an cire su daga jikinka.
Yawancin lymphocytes namu ana samun su a cikin nodes ɗinmu da gabobin lymphatic, amma kuma muna iya samun wasu ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin nodes ɗin mu.
Sau da yawa alamar farko ta lymphoma shine kumburi ko dunƙulewa, saboda kumburin lymph ya cika da lymphocytes masu ciwon daji kuma ya fara kumbura.
Tasoshinmu na lymphatic hanyar sadarwa ne na "hanyoyi" da ke haɗa dukkanin ƙwayoyin lymph da gabobin lymphatic tare. Su ne babban hanyar sadarwar sufuri don motsa ƙwayoyin rigakafi a jikinmu, da kuma cire sharar gida daga lalacewa ko cututtuka.
A cikin tasoshin mu akwai wani ruwa mai tsabta da ake kira lymph, wanda ke taimakawa ƙwayoyin rigakafi don gudana ta cikin tasoshin mu cikin sauƙi. Har ila yau, yana da aikin rigakafi mai mahimmanci saboda yana kama kwayoyin cuta, kuma yana kai su zuwa ga ƙwayoyin lymph don a lalata su.
Lymphocytes wani nau'in farin jini ne wanda ke yaki da cututtuka da cututtuka. Sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin B-cells, T-cells da kuma na halitta killer (NK), kuma ana yin su a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwan mu kafin su shiga cikin tsarin lymphatic.
Lymphocytes sun bambanta da sauran fararen jini a cikin hanyar da suke yaki da kamuwa da cuta. Suna daga cikin mu rigakafin karbuwa.
Yawancin lokaci, ba za ka ma san cewa kun yi hulɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta ba, saboda ƙwayoyin lymphocytes da sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna yaki da su kafin su sami damar yin rashin lafiya.
Wasu lymphocytes suna rayuwa a sassa daban-daban na jikinmu. Suna haɗuwa tare a cikin rufin wasu gabobinmu ta yadda idan wasu ƙwayoyin cuta suka shiga cikin waɗannan gabobin, ƙwayoyin lymphocytes za su iya yin aiki kuma su hana su haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Wasu wuraren jikinmu da ke da waɗannan rukunin na lymphocytes a cikinsu sun haɗa da namu:
- sashin hanji (hanji) - Waɗannan ana kiran su da facin Peyer
- numfashi (lungs da airways)
- gabobin al'aura (ciki har da mahaifa, gwaje-gwaje, da gabobin da ke da alaƙa da bututu
- urinary tract (koda da mafitsara da bututu masu alaƙa).
B-sassan
Kwayoyin B suna rayuwa galibi a cikin nodes na lymph da sabulu. Balagaggen ƙwayoyin B suna yin sunadarin sunadaran musamman da ake kira immunoglobulins - in ba haka ba an san su da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, waɗanda ke da tasiri sosai wajen yaƙar kamuwa da cuta.
Kwayoyin B sau da yawa suna hutawa a cikin tsarin lymphatic kuma suna aiki ne kawai lokacin da aka faɗakar da su game da kamuwa da cuta da suke buƙatar yaki.
T-sassan
Yawancin kwayoyin halittarmu na T ana yin su ne kafin mu kai ga girma kuma mu fita daga cikin kasusuwan mu a lokacin da ba su da girma sosai. Suna matsawa cikin thymus ɗinmu inda suke ci gaba da girma da girma. Sau da yawa suna hutawa kuma suna kunnawa ne kawai lokacin da kamuwa da cuta da suke buƙatar yaki.
Hakanan ana iya samun ƙwayoyin T a cikin nodes ɗinmu, ɓoyayyiyar ƙwayar cuta da sauran wuraren tsarin lymphatic ɗin mu amma a cikin ƙananan lambobi.
Kwayoyin kisa na halitta wani nau'in T-cell ne na musamman wanda ke da hannu a cikin mu duka na halitta da kuma daidaita rigakafi, don haka su kan kara kaimi a kowane lokaci, kuma galibi suna yawo a jikinmu suna neman duk wata alama ta kamuwa da cuta ko cuta da take bukatar yakar ta.
Lymphocytes sune kwayoyin da ke zama masu ciwon daji lokacin da kake da lymphoma na CLL
Maƙarƙashiyar ƙashin mu shine kayan spongy a tsakiyar ƙasusuwan mu. Aikinsa shine ya samar da dukkan kwayoyin jininmu da suka hada da jajayen kwayoyin halittar jini, platelets, da duk farin jininmu.
Glandar mu ta thymus wata gabo ce mai siffar malam buɗe ido wacce ke zaune a ƙarƙashin ƙashin nono (sternum). Yana da babban sashin tsarin lymphatic kuma inda T-cell ke tafiya bayan sun bar bargo. Da zarar a cikin glandar thymus, ƙwayoyin T suna ci gaba da girma sannan su kasance cikin yanayin hutawa har sai an buƙaci su don yaƙar kamuwa da cuta.
Tonsils din mu duka nau'ikan ƙwayoyin lymph ne waɗanda ke bayan makogwaron mu, ɗaya a kowane gefe. Adenoids suna a bayan kogon hancinmu. Duk waɗannan biyun suna aiki ne don hana ƙwayoyin cuta shiga cikin jikinmu. Suna yawan kumbura idan muna da ciwon makogwaro ko kamuwa da cutar numfashi.
Sawunmu wata gabo ce ta lymphatic wacce ke zaune a karkashin diaphragm din mu. A nan ne yawancin ƙwayoyin lymphocytes na B-cell ke rayuwa, kuma suna samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Har ila yau, hanjin mu yana taimakawa wajen tace jininmu, yana rushe tsofaffi da kuma lalacewa don samar da hanyar samun sababbin kwayoyin halitta. Har ila yau, tana adana wasu fararen jini da kuma platelets, waɗanda ke taimakawa jinin ku don guda. Kuna iya ganin wurin da splin ku a cikin hoton tsarin lymphatic a saman wannan shafin.
Menene kuma tsarin mu na lymphatic yake yi?
Tsarin mu na lymph yana da manyan ayyuka guda uku waɗanda suka haɗa da:
Mai kewayawa da sarrafa ruwa
Masu sha
Kare jikin mu daga kamuwa da cuta & cuta
A ina lymphoma ke farawa?
Saboda mu lymphocytes na iya tafiya ko'ina a cikin jikinmu, lymphoma kuma zai iya farawa a ko'ina cikin jikinmu. Yawanci yana farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph ko wasu sassa na tsarin lymphatic. Koyaya, lokaci-lokaci yana iya farawa a wasu wurare da suka haɗa da fata, huhu, hanta, ƙwaƙwalwa ko kashin baya.
Nodal Lymphoma shine lokacin da lymphoma ke cikin nodes ɗin ku ko wasu sassan tsarin lymphatic.
Extra-nodal lymphoma Lymphoma ne a waje da ƙwayoyin lymph da tsarin lymphatic. Wannan ya haɗa da lokacin da aka sami lymphoma a cikin fata, huhu, hanta, kwakwalwa ko kashin baya.
Summary
- Tsarin mu na rigakafi da tsarin lymphatic suna aiki tare don kiyaye mu lafiya.
- Yayin da tsarin garkuwar jikin mu ke yakar kwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta da cututtuka, tsarin mu na lymph yana tallafawa tsarin garkuwar jikin mu, yana jigilar kwayoyin halitta ta jikinmu, da samar da kwayoyin rigakafi wurin zama.
- Lymphoma ciwon daji ne na farin jini da ake kira lymphocytes, wanda wani bangare ne na tsarin garkuwar jikin mu, kuma suna rayuwa a cikin tsarin mu.
- Innate rigakafi shine tsarin rigakafi wanda aka haife mu da shi.
- Kariya mai daidaitawa shine tsarin rigakafi da muke haɓaka yayin da muke fuskantar ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban a tsawon rayuwarmu.
