Nrhiav
Kaw lub thawv tshawb nrhiav no.

Hais txog Lymphoma

Lymphoma yog dab tsi?

Nrhiav kom paub tias koj muaj lymphoma tuaj yeem yog lub sijhawm ntxhov siab heev, tab sis muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo tuaj yeem pab txo koj txoj kev ntxhov siab thiab pab koj npaj ua ntej. Nplooj ntawv no yuav qhia rau koj paub txog yam lymphoma yog dab tsi, cov hlwb ib txwm loj hlob li cas, thiab vim li cas lymphoma tshwm sim, cov tsos mob ntawm lymphoma thiab nws txoj kev kho mob nrog rau kev sib txuas muaj txiaj ntsig.

Nyem qhov no mus download tau peb cov ntawv luam tawm Dab tsi yog Lymphoma

 

Lymphoma yog ib hom mob qog noj ntshav uas cuam tshuam rau koj cov qe ntshav hu ua lymphocytes. Lymphocytes yog hom ntshav dawb uas txhawb nqa peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kab mob. Lawv feem ntau nyob hauv peb cov kab mob lymphatic uas tsuas muaj tsawg heev pom hauv peb cov ntshav. Vim tias lawv nyob feem ntau hauv peb cov kab mob lymphatic, lymphoma feem ntau tsis tshwm sim hauv kev kuaj ntshav.

Peb cov kab mob lymphatic yog lub luag haujlwm los ntxuav peb cov ntshav ntawm cov co toxins thiab cov khoom pov tseg thiab suav nrog peb cov qog nqaij hlav, spleen, thymus, tonsils, appendix thiab cov kua dej hu ua lymph. Peb cov kab mob lymphatic kuj yog qhov uas peb cov B-cell lymphocytes ua cov kab mob sib ntaus sib tua.

Lymphomas tau hu ua mob qog noj ntshav, mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub cev. Tab sis tsis yog 3 hom mob qog noj ntshav, cov ntsiab lus no muab qhov twg, qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas. Nyem rau ntawm lub thawv flip hauv qab no kom paub ntau ntxiv.

(alt="")

Qhov twg

Hover ntawm no yog xav paub ntxiv

Qhov twg

Peb cov lymphocytes yog cov qe ntshav dawb uas yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv nco txog kev kis kab mob uas peb muaj yav dhau los yog li lawv tuaj yeem tua lawv sai yog tias peb kis tus kab mob qub dua. Peb muaj ntau hom lymphocytes xws li: 

B-hlwb, uas ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los tiv thaiv kab mob.

T-cells uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob ncaj qha thiab nrhiav lwm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

NK hlwb - ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm T-cell.

Qhov twg

Hover ntawm no yog xav paub ntxiv

Qhov twg

Tsis zoo li peb lwm cov qe ntshav, lymphocytes feem ntau nyob hauv peb cov kab mob lymphatic es tsis yog hauv peb cov ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem mus rau txhua qhov ntawm peb lub cev los tiv thaiv kab mob. Lymphoma feem ntau pib hauv koj lub cev lymphatic, tab sis qee zaus tuaj yeem pib hauv lwm qhov ntawm koj lub cev.

Txoj Kev

Hover ntawm no yog xav paub ntxiv

Txoj Kev

Vim peb cov lymphocytes tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob, lawv yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum lawv dhau los ua cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav cancer, koj tsis tuaj yeem tua kab mob tau yooj yim.
Qhov no cuam tshuam rau koj lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom koj noj qab haus huv thiab tiv thaiv koj ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab kab mob.

Yog tias koj tseem tsis tau, koj tuaj yeem xav mus saib peb lub vev xaib ntawm Kev nkag siab koj cov kab mob lymphatic thiab tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm nyem qhov txuas hauv qab no. Nkag siab txog koj cov kab mob lymphatic thiab tiv thaiv kab mob yuav pab koj nkag siab txog lymphoma yooj yim me ntsis.

Rau ntau info saib
Nkag siab koj cov kab mob lymphatic & tiv thaiv kab mob
Ntawm nplooj ntawv no:

Peb muaj ob hom lymphocytes tseem ceeb:

  • B-cell lymphocytes thiab
  • T-cell lymphocytes.

Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem muaj B-cell lymphoma lossis T-cell lymphoma. Qee cov lymphomas tsawg yog Natural Killer cell (NK) lymphomas - NK hlwb yog hom T-cell lymphocyte.

Lymphoma ntxiv rau hauv Hodgkin Lymphoma thiab Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Hodgkin thiab Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

  • Hodgkin Lymphoma - Txhua Hodgkin Lymphomas yog lymphomas ntawm B-cell lymphocytes. Hodgkin Lymphoma raug txheeb xyuas thaum cov qog nqaij hlav B-hlwb tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev thiab dhau los ua Reed-Sternberg hlwb - uas zoo li txawv ntawm cov B-hlwb li qub. Cov hlwb Reed-Sternberg tsis muaj nyob hauv Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Cov hlwb Reed Sterberg kuj muaj nrog cov protein tshwj xeeb hu ua CD15 lossis CD30 rau lawv. Nyem no Yog xav paub ntxiv txog Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • Tsis-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) - cov no yog lymphomas ntawm tag nrho lwm cov B-hlwb lossis T-cell lymphocytes, suav nrog NK hlwb. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) kuj tseem suav hais tias yog ib qho subtype ntawm NHL vim nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tib yam kab mob. Me me Lymphocytic Lymphoma. Muaj ntau dua 75 yam sib txawv ntawm NHL. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog cov subtypes sib txawv, nyem qhov txuas hauv qab no.
Rau ntau info saib
Hom Lymphoma
Yuav kom nkag siab txog lymphoma, koj thawj zaug yuav tsum paub me ntsis txog seb cov hlwb hauv koj lub cev loj hlob li cas.

Cov hlwb ib txwm loj hlob li cas?

Feem ntau cov hlwb loj hlob thiab sib npaug hauv txoj kev tswj nruj heev thiab koom nrog. Lawv raug programmed kom loj hlob thiab coj tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev, thiab muab faib los yog tuag nyob rau hauv tej lub sij hawm.

Cells ntawm lawv tus kheej yog microscopic - txhais tau tias lawv me me heev peb tsis tuaj yeem pom lawv. Tab sis, thaum lawv txhua tus koom ua ke lawv tsim txhua qhov ntawm peb lub cev nrog rau peb cov tawv nqaij, rau tes, pob txha, plaub hau, qog nqaij hlav, ntshav thiab lub cev.

Muaj ntau qhov kev txheeb xyuas thiab sib npaug uas tshwm sim kom paub tseeb tias cov hlwb tsim txoj hauv kev. Cov no suav nrog "cov chaw tiv thaiv kab mob". Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov ntsiab lus thaum lub sijhawm kev loj hlob ntawm tes uas peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob "kuaj xyuas" tias lub xovtooj ntawm tes yog lub cev, noj qab nyob zoo.

Yog tias lub cell raug kuaj xyuas thiab pom tias muaj kev noj qab haus huv, nws tseem loj tuaj. Yog hais tias nws muaj kab mob, los yog puas nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev, nws yog kho los yog puas (tuag), thiab tshem tawm ntawm peb lub cev los ntawm peb cov lymphatic system.

  • Thaum cov cell multiply, nws hu ua "cell division".
  • Thaum cov hlwb tuag nws hu ua "apoptosis".

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cell thiab apoptosis no yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov noob hauv peb cov DNA, thiab tshwm sim hauv peb lub cev txhua lub sijhawm. Peb ua ntau lab lab ntawm cov hlwb txhua hnub los hloov cov qub uas tau ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm lossis puas lawm.

(alt="")

Cov noob thiab DNA

Hauv txhua lub cell (tshwj tsis yog cov qe ntshav liab) yog lub hauv paus nrog 23 khub ntawm chromosomes.

Chromosomes yog tsim los ntawm peb cov DNA, thiab peb cov DNA yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov noob caj noob ces uas muab "daim ntawv qhia" rau peb cov hlwb yuav loj hlob, sib npaug, ua haujlwm thiab thaum kawg tuag.

Mob qog noj ntshav, suav nrog lymphoma thiab CLL tshwm sim thaum kev puas tsuaj lossis kev ua yuam kev tshwm sim hauv peb cov noob.

Kawm paub ntxiv txog dab tsi tshwm sim thaum peb cov noob caj noob ces thiab DNA puas lawm hauv video hauv qab no. Tsis txhob txhawj ntau dhau ntawm tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov protein thiab cov txheej txheem, cov npe tsis tseem ceeb npaum li lawv ua. 

Mob cancer yog dab tsi?

 

Cancer yog ib noobtus kab mob. Nws tshwm sim thaum kev puas tsuaj lossis kev ua yuam kev tshwm sim hauv peb noobs, ua rau muaj qhov txawv txav, tswj tsis tau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb.

Hauv lymphoma thiab CLL, qhov kev loj hlob tsis tuaj yeem thiab txawv txav tshwm sim hauv koj li T-cell lossis B-cell lymphocytes.

Cov kev hloov pauv no rau peb cov DNA qee zaum hu ua genetic mutations lossis genetic variations. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim yog kev ua neej nyob xws li kev haus luam yeeb, kev puas tsuaj rau lub hnub, kev siv dej cawv hnyav (tau hloov pauv), lossis vim muaj cov kab mob uas khiav hauv peb tsev neeg (kev hloov pauv hloov pauv). Tab sis rau qee cov qog nqaij hlav, peb tsuas yog tsis yog vim li cas lawv tshwm sim. 

Dab tsi ua rau Lymphoma & CLL

Lymphoma thiab CLL yog ib hom mob qog noj ntshav uas peb tsuas yog tsis paub dab tsi ua rau lawv. Muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo uas tau txheeb xyuas, tab sis ntau tus neeg uas muaj qhov pheej hmoo zoo ib yam tsis mus rau kev tsim cov qog ntshav qog ntshav lossis CLL thaum lwm tus, tsis muaj qhov paub txog kev pheej hmoo ua. 

Qee qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav muaj xws li:

  • Yog tias koj tau muaj tus kab mob Epstein Barr (EBV). EBV ua rau mononucleosis (tseem hu ua "mono" lossis qog ua npaws).
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Qee cov kab mob ntawm koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.
  • Ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog tom qab hloov lub cev los yog qia cell. Los yog, los ntawm tej yam tshuaj koj yuav tau noj.
  • Niam txiv, kwv tij, lossis tus muam uas muaj keeb kwm ntawm lymphoma.
Rau ntau info saib
Dab tsi ua rau lymphoma?

Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau los txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau lymphoma thiab CLL. Thaum ib qho laj thawj raug txheeb xyuas, ces peb tuaj yeem nrhiav txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv nws. Tab sis txog thaum ntawd, paub txog cov tsos mob ntawm lymphoma, thiab mus ntsib kws kho mob ntxov yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tua nws.

Rau ntau info saib
Cov tsos mob ntawm Lymphoma

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Lymphoma thiab CLL

Lymphoma cuam tshuam ntau dua 7300 Australians txhua xyoo, thiab yog thib 6 feem ntau mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov txiv neej thiab poj niam hauv Australia, tab sis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog suav nrog menyuam yaus thiab menyuam yaus.

Nws yog mob qog noj ntshav ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog 15-29 xyoo, thiab yog thib 3 mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 0-14 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov qog ntshav qog ntshav nce ntxiv thaum peb laus dua.

 

Kuv yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog kuv tus mob lymphoma?

Muaj ntau dua 80 yam sib txawv ntawm lymphoma. Qee cov subtypes muaj ntau dua, thiab lwm tus yog tsawg heev. Ntau tshaj 75 ntawm cov subtypes no yog ib qho subtype ntawm Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, thaum 5 yog subtypes ntawm Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias koj muaj dab tsi subtypes, vim tias qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog hom kev kho mob twg yuav ua haujlwm zoo tshaj rau koj, thiab yuav ua li cas cov qog ntshav qog yuav nce nrog thiab tsis muaj kev kho mob. Nws yuav pab koj npaj ua ntej, paub tias yuav xav li cas thiab pab koj nug koj tus kws kho mob cov lus nug zoo.

Lymphomas yog pab pawg ntxiv rau hauv cov qog ntshav siab lossis mob hnyav. 

Indolent Lymphoma

Indolent lymphomas yog lymphomas qeeb qeeb uas feem ntau "pw tsaug zog" thiab tsis loj hlob. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv muaj nyob hauv koj lub cev, tab sis tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Ntau tus lymphomas indolent tsis xav tau kev kho mob - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv tsaug zog. Txawm tias qee qhov theem siab, cov qog ntshav qog ntshav qis xws li theem 3 thiab theem 4 yuav tsis xav tau kev kho mob, yog tias lawv tsis ua rau cov tsos mob thiab tsis loj hlob.

Feem ntau cov lymphomas tsis tuaj yeem kho tsis tau, yog li koj yuav muaj cov qog ntshav qab zib rau koj lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem ua lub neej ib txwm muaj thiab lub neej ntev nrog cov qog ntshav qog ntshav tsis txaus.

Tej zaum koj yuav tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim thaum koj muaj tus kab mob lymphoma, thiab tuaj yeem nyob nrog nws tau ntau xyoo yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Rau qee tus neeg, tej zaum nws yuav tsis raug kuaj kom txog thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab kuaj lwm yam.

Ib ntawm tsib tus neeg uas muaj tus mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab yuav tsis xav tau kev kho mob rau lawv cov qog ntshav qog ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lymphomas tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem "tsim" thiab pib loj hlob. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, tej zaum koj yuav tau pib kho. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob paub yog tias koj pib tau txais Cov tsos mob xws li cov pob txha tshiab los yog loj hlob (cov qog nqaij hlav o) los yog B-cov tsos mob xws li:

  • Drenching hmo sweats
  • Poob ceeb thawj poob
  • Kub los yog tsis txias thiab co.

Nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, ib qho mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab tuaj yeem "hloov" mus rau hauv cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hnyav heev. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim koj yuav tau txais tib yam kev kho mob rau cov qog ntshav qog ntshav siab.

Hauv qab no yog cov npe ntawm ntau hom B-cell thiab T-cell indolent lymphomas. Yog tias koj paub koj tus subtype, thiab nws tau teev nyob ntawm no, koj tuaj yeem nyem rau ntawm nws kom paub ntau ntxiv. 

Aggressive Lymphomas

Aggressive lymphomas yog hu ua txhoj puab heev vim nws yog lawv coj li cas. Lawv tuaj aggressively thiab pib ua cov tsos mob sai. Yog tias koj muaj cov qog ntshav qog ntshav siab, koj yuav tsum pib kho sai sai, txawm tias koj muaj theem 1 lossis theem 2 lymphoma.
 
Qhov xwm zoo yog, ntau tus kab mob B-cell lymphomas teb tau zoo rau kev kho mob thiab tuaj yeem kho tau, lossis muaj kev tso cai ntev ntev (lub sijhawm tsis muaj kab mob). Qee zaum, lawv yuav tsis teb rau kev kho mob, thiab yog li koj yuav tsum muaj ntau hom kev kho mob.
 

Aggressive T-cell lymphomas tuaj yeem kho me ntsis nyuaj, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tshem tawm tom qab kho. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tshwm sim rau T-cell lymphomas rov qab los thiab xav tau ntau dua, lossis kev kho mob tsis tu ncua.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov kev cia siab ntawm koj txoj kev kho mob yog dab tsi, thiab yuav ua li cas koj thiaj li yuav kho tau los yog mus rau kev zam txim.

 
Qee hom mob qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav ntau tshaj plaws tau teev tseg hauv qab no. 
Yog tias koj tsis tau pom koj tus kab mob qog nqaij hlav lymphoma
Nyem qhov no txhawm rau pom ntau yam subtypes ntawm lymphoma

Kev kho mob rau Lymphoma thiab CLL

Vim muaj ntau hom lymphoma, kuj muaj ntau hom kev kho mob. Thaum ua koj txoj kev npaj kho mob koj tus kws kho mob yuav xav txog txhua yam no suav nrog:

  • Dab tsi subtype thiab theem ntawm lymphoma koj muaj.
  • Txhua yam kev hloov caj ces koj yuav muaj.
  • Koj lub hnub nyoog, kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho thiab lwm yam kev kho mob uas koj yuav muaj rau lwm yam mob.
  • Txawm hais tias koj tau txais kev kho mob lymphoma yav dhau los thiab yog tias muaj, koj teb li cas rau qhov kev kho mob ntawd.
Rau ntau info saib
Kev kho mob rau Lymphoma & CLL

Cov lus nug rau koj tus kws kho mob

Nws tuaj yeem yooj yim pom tias koj muaj lymphoma lossis CLL. Thiab, thaum koj tsis paub dab tsi koj tsis paub, koj yuav paub tau cov lus nug dab tsi?

Txhawm rau pab koj pib peb tau muab qee cov lus nug uas koj tuaj yeem luam tawm thiab coj mus rau koj qhov kev teem caij tom ntej. Tsuas yog nyem qhov txuas hauv qab no txhawm rau rub peb cov lus nug los nug koj tus kws kho mob.

Cov lus nug los nug koj tus kws kho mob

Puas muaj lwm hom mob qog noj ntshav?

Peb muaj ntau hom qe ntshav dawb uas ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kab mob. Lymphoma yog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb hu ua lymphocytes. Tab sis vim peb muaj ntau hom qe ntshav dawb, lwm hom mob qog noj ntshav muaj nyob, suav nrog leukemia thiab myeloma.

Leukemia

Leukemia cuam tshuam ntau hom qe ntshav dawb. Cov hlwb txawv txav tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha lossis cov hlab ntsha. Nrog leukemia, cov qe ntshav tsis tsim raws li lawv yuav tsum ua. Tej zaum yuav muaj ntau dhau, tsawg dhau, lossis cov qe ntshav tsis ua haujlwm raws li lawv xav tau. 

Leukemia tuaj yeem raug cais los ntawm hom cell dawb cuam tshuam, xws li myeloid cell lossis lymphatic cell, thiab seb tus kab mob mus li cas. Mob leukemia loj hlob sai heev thiab xav tau kev kho mob tam sim ntawd, thaum mob leukemia mob ntev heev, thiab tej zaum yuav tsis xav tau kev kho mob.

Yog xav paub ntxiv thov mus saib lub Leukemia Foundation Website.

Myeloma

Myeloma yog mob qog noj ntshav tshwj xeeb, thiab daim ntawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm B-cell lymphocyte - hu ua plasma cell. Nws yog plasma cell uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (tseem hu ua immunoglobulins). Vim hais tias cov plasma hlwb muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb no, myeloma raug cais tawm txawv rau lymphomas.

Hauv myeloma, cov ntshav plasma txawv txav tsuas yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hu ua paraprotein. Cov tshuaj paraprotein no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab thaum muaj ntau cov plasma hlwb sib sau ua ke hauv koj cov pob txha, koj lub cev yuav pom tias nws nyuaj rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Yog xav paub ntxiv thov mus saib lub Myeloma Australia Website.

Ntsiab lus

  • Lymphoma yog ib hom mob qog noj ntshav uas cuam tshuam rau cov qe ntshav dawb hu ua lymphocytes.
  • Lymphocytes nyob feem ntau hauv peb cov kab mob lymphatic thiab txhawb peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kab mob.
  • Lymphoma pib thaum hloov pauv hauv peb cov DNA ua rau tsis muaj kev tswj hwm thiab kev loj hlob txawv txav ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav cancer.
  • Hodgkin Lymphoma thiab Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma yog hom lymphomas tseem ceeb, tab sis lawv tau muab cais ntxiv ua B-cell lossis T-cell lymphomas, thiab cov qog ntshav siab lossis mob hnyav.
  • Muaj ntau ntau hom kev kho mob thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob yuav nyob ntawm seb hom kab mob lymphoma koj muaj.
  • Yog tias koj tsis paub qhov subtype ntawm koj cov lymphoma, los yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj cov subtype, nug koj tus kws kho mob.

Yog xav paub ntxiv nyem qhov txuas hauv qab no

Rau ntau info saib
Nkag siab koj cov kab mob lymphatic thiab tiv thaiv kab mob
Rau ntau info saib
Cov tsos mob ntawm lymphoma
Rau ntau info saib
Ua rau & Risk Factors
Rau ntau info saib
Test, Diagnosis thiab Staging
Rau ntau info saib
Kev kho mob rau lymphoma & CLL
Rau ntau info saib
Txhais - Lymphoma phau ntawv txhais lus
Rau ntau info saib
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Rau ntau info saib
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Rau ntau info saib
Lymphoma Subtypes

Kev txhawb nqa thiab cov ntaub ntawv

Nrhiav tawm Ntau

Sau npe rau tsab ntawv xov xwm

qhia no

Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm Sau Npe

Hu rau Lymphoma Australia Hnub no!

Thov nco ntsoov: Lymphoma Australia cov neeg ua haujlwm tsuas yog tuaj yeem teb rau emails xa ua lus Askiv xwb.

Rau cov neeg nyob hauv Australia, peb tuaj yeem muab kev pabcuam txhais lus hauv xov tooj. Kom koj tus nais maum lossis tus txheeb ze hais lus Askiv hu rau peb los npaj qhov no.