Peb lub cev lymphatic yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cov qog thiab cov kabmob uas txhua tus ua haujlwm ua ke kom peb noj qab nyob zoo. Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tsis yog peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob lossis lymphatic system tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj lwm yam.
Hauv nplooj ntawv no peb yuav muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb cov kab mob lymphatic thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob dab tsi, thiab lawv ua dab tsi kom peb noj qab haus huv.
Dab tsi ua rau lymphatic thiab tiv thaiv kab mob?
Peb lub lymphatic system yog tsim los ntawm:
- Lymph nodes
- Lymphatic hlab ntsha
- Lymphocytes (ib hom ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb)
- Lub cev muaj xws li peb:
- Mob hlwb pob txha
- Thymus caj pas
- tonsils thiab adenoids
- Lus Qhia Ntxiv
- Pleev.
Peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los ntawm:
- Lub lymphatic system
- Lub cev tiv thaiv xws li tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias thiab plab acids.
- Antibodies (uas yog tsim los ntawm B-cell lymphocytes)
- Tag nrho cov qe ntshav dawb suav nrog:
- neutrophils
- eosinophils ua
- basophils
- mast cells
- macrophages
- dendritic hlwb
- lymphocytes
Peb cov kab mob lymphatic thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm ua ke li cas?
Peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los ntawm tag nrho cov hlwb thiab qhov chaw ntawm peb lub cev uas nquag tiv thaiv peb tiv thaiv kab mob los yog kev puas tsuaj uas ua rau muaj kab mob thiab kab mob. Peb cov qe ntshav dawb nquag tawm tsam cov kab mob, thiab lees paub, kho lossis rhuav tshem cov hlwb puas. Peb cov tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias thiab cov kua qaub hauv peb lub plab ua haujlwm los muab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv, lossis kis mus rau peb lub cev.
Peb lub cev lymphatic txawm li cas los xij yog kev thauj mus los (cov hlab ntsha lymphatic thiab cov kua dej lymphatic) rau peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab pab txav tag nrho peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv peb lub cev, nrog rau tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws kuj tseem muab cov chaw nyob hauv peb lub cev (cov qog nqaij hlav thiab cov kabmob) rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ob txoj haujlwm no ua haujlwm tau zoo los muab kev tiv thaiv tam sim thiab ntev rau peb ntawm cov kab mob thiab kev puas tsuaj uas ua rau muaj kab mob thiab kab mob.
Innate tiv thaiv kab mob
Innate immunity yog kev tiv thaiv peb yug los. Nws suav nrog cov teeb meem ntawm lub cev nrog rau qee yam ntawm peb cov qe ntshav dawb uas tam sim ntawd paub txog cov hlwb uas puas lossis tsis yog peb (cov kab mob) thiab pib tawm tsam lawv.
Lub cev tiv thaiv
daim tawv nqaij - Peb daim tawv nqaij yog lub cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub cev. Nws tiv thaiv peb los ntawm kev ua ib qho kev thaiv lub cev uas tiv thaiv cov kab mob feem ntau los ntawm peb lub cev. Thaum peb txiav peb tus kheej los yog cov tawv nqaij puas lawm, peb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv vim cov kab mob tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev.
Mucous daim nyias nyias - Qee zaum peb yuav ua pa hauv cov kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb muaj mucous daim nyias nyias uas kab peb lub qhov ntswg thiab cov hlab cua uas cuab kab mob thiab tso cai rau peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob mus ntes thiab tua lawv. Peb muaj cov mucous zoo sib xws uas kab lwm qhov ntawm peb lub cev uas ua haujlwm zoo ib yam.
Cov kua qaub plab - Yog tias peb noj zaub mov uas muaj kab mob, peb lub plab acids yog tsim los tua cov kab mob. Qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj mob los yog raug zaub mov lom.
Dawb hlwb - Feem ntau ntawm peb cov hlwb dawb tshwj tsis yog cov lymphocytes yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Muaj txoj haujlwm yog kom paub sai sai rau txhua lub xovtooj ntawm tes lossis cov kabmob uas zoo li nws tsis koom thiab pib tawm tsam. Lawv tsis yog tshwj xeeb heev, tab sis lawv ua haujlwm sai. Thaum lawv tau tawm tsam cov kab mob, lawv xa cov cim rau peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom lawv paub tias tuaj koom kev sib ntaus lossis sau ntawv thiab ua. nco hlwb (saib adaptive immunity) npaj zoo dua los tiv thaiv kab mob yog tias rov qab los..
Cov cell dawb tshaj plaws ntawm koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas koj yuav hnov txog yog koj neutrophils. Cov no yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis tuaj yeem ua tus lej tsawg thaum koj muaj lymphoma lossis CLL. Kev kho mob rau cov no tuaj yeem txo koj cov naj npawb ntawm neutrophils, ua rau koj muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob ntxiv. Thaum koj cov neutrophils qis, nws hu ua neutropenia.
Adaptive (tau txais) kev tiv thaiv
Peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tseem hu ua kev tiv thaiv kab mob vim peb tsis tau yug los nrog nws. Hloov chaw peb tau txais (lossis txhim kho) nws thaum peb mus dhau lub neej thiab raug rau ntau hom kab mob. Nws feem ntau hu ua peb "immunological nco" vim tias peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nco txog kev kis kab mob uas peb tau muaj yav dhau los thiab khaws qee lub hlwb tshwj xeeb hu ua Memory B-cells lossis nco T-cells hauv peb cov qog nqaij hlav thiab cov qog nqaij hlav.
Yog tias peb tau txais cov kab mob tib yam ntxiv, peb lub hlwb nco tau pib ua haujlwm nrog kev tawm tsam tshwj xeeb thiab meej los tua cov kab mob ua ntej nws muaj feem ua rau peb mob. Tab sis peb txhua tus ntawm peb lub hlwb tsuas paub txog ib tus kab mob, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tsis sib ntaus ntau npaum li cov hlwb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus cov kab mob uas lawv nco qab.
Lub hlwb tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tib lub hlwb uas ua rau mob qog noj ntshav thaum koj muaj lymphoma lossis CLL - Lymphocytes.
Antibodies (Immunoglubulins)
Hom B-hlwb tshaj plaws yog hu ua Plasma B-cells, thiab lawv ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj tseem hu ua immunoglobulins. Vim tias lymphoma thiab CLL tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj cov B-hlwb, qee tus neeg yuav muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis dua thiab ua rau muaj mob ntau dua. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hu ua IntajVenus ImunoGlubulins - IVIG, uas yog los ntawm tus neeg pub dawb.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua kom peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Los ntawm kev nthuav tawm peb cov koob tshuaj me me lossis ib feem ntawm cov kab mob tsis txaus, uas tsis txaus ua rau peb muaj mob, nws pab peb lub cev hloov kho kom paub txog thiab ua rau lub hlwb nco los tawm tsam tus kab mob yog tias peb kis tau rau yav tom ntej.
Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog txhua feem ntawm koj cov lymphatic thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, los ntawm kev nyem rau ntawm cov npe hauv qab no.
Lymph nodes kuj qee zaum hu ua lymph qog. Feem ntau koj yuav tsis paub txog koj cov qog nqaij hlav, tab sis yog tias koj puas tau muaj pob o hauv koj lub caj dab lossis lub puab tsaig kab thaum lub pob ntseg lossis caj pas, qhov ntawd yog koj cov qog nqaij hlav o. Koj cov qog nqaij hlav o tuaj thaum koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib tawm tsam thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob. Cov kab mob raug coj mus rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav uas lawv raug rhuav tshem thiab tshem tawm ntawm koj lub cev.
Feem ntau ntawm peb cov lymphocytes muaj nyob rau hauv peb cov qog nqaij hlav thiab cov qog nqaij hlav, tab sis peb tuaj yeem muaj lwm cov kab mob hauv peb cov qog ntshav.
Feem ntau thawj cov tsos mob ntawm lymphoma yog o los yog ib pob, vim hais tias cov qog nqaij hlav ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer puv thiab pib o.
Peb cov hlab ntsha lymphatic yog lub network ntawm "txoj kev" uas txuas tag nrho peb cov qog nqaij hlav thiab cov qog nqaij hlav qog ua ke. Lawv yog lub hauv paus kev thauj mus los rau kev txav cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob nyob ib puag ncig peb lub cev, thiab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab los ntawm cov hlwb puas lossis kab mob.
Hauv peb cov hlab ntsha lymphatic yog cov kua dej ntshiab hu ua lymph, uas pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom ntws los ntawm peb cov hlab ntsha lymphatic yooj yim. Nws kuj tseem muaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb vim tias nws cuam tshuam cov kab mob, thiab thauj mus rau cov qog ntshav qab zib kom nws thiaj li raug puas tsuaj.
Lymphocytes yog ib hom qe ntshav dawb uas tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob. Lawv suav nrog B-cells, T-cells thiab Natural killer (NK) hlwb, thiab yog tsim nyob rau hauv peb cov pob txha pob txha ua ntej tsiv mus rau hauv peb lub lymphatic system.
Lymphocytes txawv ntawm lwm cov qe ntshav dawb nyob rau hauv txoj kev lawv tua kab mob. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm peb adaptive tiv thaiv.
Feem ntau, koj yuav tsis paub tias koj tau ntsib cov kab mob, vim tias koj cov lymphocytes thiab lwm cov kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv lawv ua ntej lawv muaj feem ua rau koj mob.
Qee cov lymphocytes nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb lub cev. Lawv pab pawg ua ke hauv ob sab ntawm qee yam ntawm peb lub cev kom yog tias muaj cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov nruab nrog cev, cov lymphocytes tuaj yeem tshwm sim thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis kab mob. Qee qhov chaw ntawm peb lub cev uas muaj cov pab pawg ntawm lymphocytes hauv lawv suav nrog peb:
- plab hnyuv (mob plab) - Cov no feem ntau hu ua Peyer's thaj ua rau thaj
- kab mob ntsws ( ntsws thiab hlab ntsws)
- cov kab mob ntawm qhov chaw mos (xws li lub tsev menyuam, cov qog ntshav, thiab lwm yam kabmob thiab cov hlab ntsha
- urinary ib ntsuj av (lub raum thiab zais zis thiab lwm yam hlab ntsha).
B-hlwb
B-hlwb feem ntau nyob hauv peb cov qog nqaij hlav thiab tus po. Mature B-cells ua cov protein tshwj xeeb hu ua immunoglobulins - lwm yam hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kab mob.
B-hlwb feem ntau so hauv cov kab mob lymphatic thiab tsuas yog ua haujlwm thaum lawv tau ceeb toom rau tus kab mob uas lawv xav tau los tua.
T-hlwb
Feem ntau ntawm peb cov T-hlwb yog tsim ua ntej peb mus txog rau cov neeg laus thiab tsiv tawm ntawm peb cov pob txha pob txha thaum lawv tseem tsis paub tab. Lawv txav mus rau hauv peb lub thymus qhov chaw uas lawv tseem loj hlob thiab paub tab. Feem ntau lawv tau so thiab tsuas yog qhib thaum muaj tus kab mob uas lawv xav tau los tua.
T-cells kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv peb cov qog nqaij hlav, spleen thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm peb cov lymphatic system tab sis tsawg dua.
Natural killer cells yog ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm T-cell uas koom nrog ob peb innate thiab adaptive tiv thaiv, yog li lawv muaj zog dua txhua lub sijhawm, thiab feem ntau taug kev ncig peb lub cev tab tom nrhiav rau ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm kev kis kab mob lossis kab mob uas nws xav tau los tua.
Lymphocytes yog cov hlwb uas ua qog noj ntshav thaum koj muaj lymphoma ntawm CLL
Peb cov pob txha pob txha yog cov khoom spongy nyob nruab nrab ntawm peb cov pob txha. Nws txoj haujlwm yog ua kom tag nrho peb cov qe ntshav nrog rau cov qe ntshav liab, platelets, thiab tag nrho peb cov qe ntshav dawb.
Peb lub caj pas thymus yog ib lub cev zoo li npauj npaim uas nyob hauv qab peb cov pob txha ntawm lub mis (sternum). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob lymphatic thiab qhov twg T-hlwb mus tom qab lawv tawm hauv cov pob txha. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub caj pas thymus, T-hlwb txuas ntxiv mus rau kev loj hlob thiab tom qab ntawd nyob hauv lub xeev so kom txog thaum lawv xav tau los tawm tsam tus kab mob.
Peb cov tonsils yog ob lub qog ntshav uas nyob tom qab ntawm peb lub caj pas, ib qho ntawm txhua sab. Adenoids nyob tom qab ntawm peb lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav. Ob qho no ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm peb lub cev. Lawv feem ntau o thaum peb mob caj pas lossis ua pa.
Peb tus po yog ib lub cev lymphatic uas zaum hauv qab peb lub diaphragm. Nws yog qhov twg ntau ntawm koj B-cell lymphocytes nyob, thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Peb spleen kuj pab lim peb cov ntshav, rhuav tshem cov laus thiab puas hlwb los ua txoj hauv kev rau cov hlwb tshiab. Nws kuj khaws lwm cov qe ntshav dawb thiab platelets, uas pab koj cov ntshav txhaws. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov chaw ntawm koj tus po nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm lymphatic system nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nplooj ntawv no.
Peb cov lymphatic system ua dab tsi ntxiv?
Peb lub cev lymphatic muaj peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas suav nrog:
Circulating thiab tswj cov kua dej
Absorbing rog
Tiv thaiv peb lub cev los ntawm kab mob & kab mob
lymphoma pib qhov twg?
Vim tias peb cov lymphocytes tuaj yeem mus nyob qhov twg hauv peb lub cev, lymphoma tuaj yeem pib nyob qhov twg hauv peb lub cev. Nws feem ntau pib nyob rau hauv cov qog ntshav los yog lwm qhov chaw ntawm lymphatic system. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaus nws tuaj yeem pib hauv lwm qhov chaw xws li tawv nqaij, ntsws, siab, hlwb lossis txha caj qaum.
Nodal Lymphoma yog thaum lub lymphoma nyob rau hauv koj cov qog nqaij hlav los yog lwm qhov chaw ntawm koj lub lymphatic system.
Extra-nodal lymphoma yog Lymphoma sab nraum koj cov qog nqaij hlav thiab lymphatic system. Qhov no suav nrog thaum lymphoma pom hauv koj cov tawv nqaij, ntsws, siab, hlwb lossis qaum qaum.
Ntsiab lus
- Peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lymphatic system ua haujlwm ua ke kom peb noj qab nyob zoo.
- Thaum peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nquag tawm tsam cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob thiab kab mob, peb cov kab mob lymphatic txhawb peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thauj cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm peb lub cev, thiab muab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob rau qhov chaw nyob.
- Lymphoma yog mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb hu ua lymphocytes, uas yog ib feem ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab nyob hauv peb cov kab mob lymphatic.
- Innate immunity yog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb yug los.
- Adaptive immunity yog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb tsim thaum peb raug cov kab mob sib txawv thoob plaws hauv peb lub neej.
