Uvavanyo lwegazi yisampulu yegazi elithathiweyo ukuze livavanywe elabhoratri. Igazi liqulethe iiseli zegazi, iikhemikhali kunye neeprotheni. Ngokuhlola igazi lakho, oogqirha banokufumana okungakumbi ngempilo yakho ngokubanzi. Oogqirha banokufumanisa ngakumbi malunga nendlela i-lymphoma kunye nonyango oluchaphazela ngayo umzimba.
Kutheni kufuneka uvavanyo lwegazi?
Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa njengenxalenye yoxilongo kunye nesiteji se-lymphoma. Bancedisa iqela lezonyango esweni indlela umzimba ophendula ngayo kunyango, kunye nokunika umfanekiso oqhelekileyo wempilo yakho yonke. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba isigulana siya kuba novavanyo lwegazi oluninzi kulo lonke unyango kunye nokhathalelo olulandelelweyo. Xa sele ukwinkathalo yokulandelela okanye ukuba ulindile kwaye ulindile, uya kuba novavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo.
Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ngezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo eziquka:
- Jonga impilo jikelele
- Jonga ukusebenza kwezintso nesibindi
- Uncedo ekuxilongeni ezinye iintlobo ze-lymphoma
- Beka esweni unyango
- Khangela ukuchacha kumjikelezo wonyango ngaphambi kokuba uqale olandelayo
Kwenzeka ntoni phambi kovavanyo?
Kwiimeko ezininzi akukho nto inokwenziwa ukulungiselela uvavanyo lwegazi. Kwezinye iimvavanyo zegazi kungafuneka ukuzila ukutya (ungatyanga okanye ungaseli) phambi kovavanyo. Amanye amayeza anokufuna ukuyeka okanye okunye ukutya kufuneka kuthintelwe. Ukuba kufuneka wenze nantoni na phambi kovavanyo oku kuya kucaciswa kuwe ngugqirha okanye umongikazi wakho. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngazo naziphi na iimfuno kubalulekile ukuba ujonge neqela lakho lezonyango.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?
Ukuba awukho esibhedlele ugqirha okanye umongikazi wakho uya kukuxelela apho kufuneka uye khona ukuze wenze uvavanyo lwegazi lakho. Oku kunokuba kwisibhedlele sasekuhlaleni, isebe lezifo, umongikazi wasekuhlaleni okanye ugqirha wakho. Isampuli yegazi iya kuthathwa kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci. Oku kufakwa kumthambo rhoqo engalweni yakho. Kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa ukufumana isampuli, emva koko inaliti encinci ihoxisiwe. Ukuba unayo i isixhobo sokufikelela kwi-venous esembindini abongikazi banokukwazi ukusebenzisa oku ukufumana isampuli yegazi.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo?
Ukuba ngaba ugula ngaphandle, ungaya ngqo ekhaya emva kovavanyo ngaphandle kokuba kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ukuze ufumane idinga okanye unyango. Ezinye iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi ziyafumaneka kwimizuzu embalwa kwaye ezinye zithatha iiveki ezimbalwa ukubuya. Hlola noogqirha bakho malunga nokuba uya kufumana njani iziphumo kunye nokuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani. Ilinde iziphumo kunokuba nzima, thetha neqela lakho ukuba uziva unexhala malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho.
Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zam?
Iqela lakho lezonyango kufuneka akuchazele iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi lakho. Ungayifumana ikopi yeziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi kodwa unokuzifumana kunzima ukuzitolika. Kungumbono olungileyo ukuhlala nogqirha wakho okanye umongikazi ubacele bakucacisele iziphumo.
Ngamanye amaxesha kwingxelo uya kuqaphela ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lusenokuthi “alukho kuluhlu lwezalathiso” okanye lwahluke “kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo” oludwelisiweyo. Sukuba nexhala njengoko oku kuxhaphakile kubantu abaninzi. Uninzi lweziphumo zegazi labantu ziphakathi koluhlu lwereferensi.
Nangona kunjalo malunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-1 abasempilweni baneziphumo ezingaphandle kwereferensi okanye uluhlu oluqhelekileyo. Izinto ezininzi zinokubangela oku, umzekelo ubudala, isini okanye ubuhlanga.
Oogqirha baya kujonga iziphumo zegazi lakho baze bagqibe enoba kukho nantoni na enokuxhalabisa njengoko bezazi iimeko zakho zomntu ngamnye.
Ingaba kukho ingozi?
Uvavanyo lwegazi luyinkqubo ekhuseleke kakhulu. Unokufumana uhlaselo oluncinci xa inaliti ifakiwe. Unokuba nenxeba elincinci kwaye ufumane i-ache encinci kwindawo emva kokuba uvavanyo lwegazi lugqityiwe. Oku kudla ngokuba buthathaka kwaye kubangcono ngokukhawuleza. Kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokufumana usulelo. Thetha neqela lakho lezonyango ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezixhalabisayo ezifana neentlungu okanye ukudumba. Abanye abantu banokuziva betyhafile okanye benentloko ekhanyayo xa bevavanywa igazi. Kubalulekile ukuxelela umntu othatha igazi lakho ukuba oku kuyenzeka okanye ukuba oku kwenzekile kuwe kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Uvavanyo lwegazi kwizigulane ze-lymphoma
Zininzi iimvavanyo zegazi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa abantu abane-lymphoma. Ngezantsi ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo.
- Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo: olu lolona vavanyo lwegazi luxhaphakileyo. Olu vavanyo luxelela oogqirha ngamanani, iindidi, imilo kunye nobukhulu beeseli ezisegazini. Iiseli ezohlukeneyo ezijongwayo kolu vavanyo zezi;
- Iiseli zeGazi eziBomvu (RBCs) ezi seli zithwala ioksijini zijikeleze umzimba wakho
- Iiseli zeGazi eziMhlophe (WBCs) ukulwa usulelo. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-WBCs (i-lymphocytes, i-neutrophils kunye nezinye). Iseli nganye inendima ethile ekulweni usulelo.
- Iiplatelets nceda igazi lakho lijije, lithintele ukugruzuka nokopha
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi (LFTs) zisetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba isibindi sakho sisebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
- Iimvavanyo zokusebenza kwezintso ezifana ne-urea, i-electrolytes kunye ne-creatinine (i-U & Es, i-EUC) luvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezintso (renal)
- I-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) olu vavanyo lunokunceda ukuchonga umonakalo weseli yezicubu emzimbeni, kunye nokubeka iliso kwinkqubela phambili yayo
- I-C-Reactive Protein (CRP) isetyenziselwa ukuchonga ubukho bokuvuvukala, ukufumanisa ubunzima bayo, kunye nokubeka iliso ukuphendula kunyango
- Ixabiso le-sedimentation ye-erythrocyte (ESR) inokubona kwaye ibeke iliso kwiimpawu zokudumba emzimbeni
- I-Plasma Viscosity (PV) ibonisa ukutyeba kwegazi lakho. Olu luvavanyo olubalulekileyo ukuba ube nalo ukuba ufunyaniswe unalo Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
- ISerum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) Ngaba luvavanyo olubalulekileyo olulinganisa iiproteni ezingaqhelekanga egazini lakho ukuba ufunyaniswe unazo Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
- Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wamazwe ngamazwe (INR) kunye ne-PT ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba igazi lakho liqalise ukwenza amahlwili. Unokwenza oku ngaphambi kweenkqubo zotyando, i-lumbar punctures okanye i-bone marrow biopsies.
- Uvavanyo lokuvezwa kwiintsholongwane enokunxulunyaniswa ne-lymphoma, oku kunokwenziwa njengenxalenye yoxilongo lwakho. Ezinye iintsholongwane onokuthi uzihlolele ziquka;
- Intsholongwane kaGawulayo (i-HIV)
- IHepatitis B kunye noC
- I-Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Intsholongwane ka-Epstein Barr (EBV)
- Iqela legazi kunye ne-crossmatch ukuba utofelo-gazi luyafuneka
Iqela lezonyango lingacebisa olunye uvavanyo lwegazi ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zomntu.
