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Malunga neLymphoma

Uvavanyo lokuxilonga lwenziwa elabhoratri

Iimvavanyo zokuxilonga zenziwa kwilebhu ye-pathology ngoogqirha abaziingcali kunye neenzululwazi.  Iisampulu zeethishu kunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-tissue biopsy. Ngamanye amaxesha iisampulu zethishu zinokufuna ukuthunyelwa kwilebhu yeengcali kwisibhedlele esikhulu ukuze kwenziwe olu vavanyo.

Ukulinda iziphumo zolunye lwezi mvavanyo ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba sisizathu sokuqala konyango kulibaziseka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba oogqirha babe nalo lonke ulwazi abaludingayo ukuze benze ezona zigqibo zonyango zilungileyo zesigulana.

Kweli phepha:

Kutheni kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokuxilonga?

Kukho inani leemvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-lymphoma. Kukho oogqirha abaziingcali abaye bafumana uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kule ndawo ukutolika olu vavanyo olusuka kwigazi, i-lymph nodes kunye neesampuli zomongo ukuchonga isifo.

Njengoko izazinzulu ziqonda ngakumbi malunga ne-lymphoma, iimvavanyo ezintsha nezithe kratya ziyadalwa ukwazisa oogqirha malunga noxilongo. Kuya kubaluleka ngakumbi ukuba olu vavanyo lwenziwe ukuze baqonde uhlobo kunye nokuziphatha kwe-lymphoma phambi kokuba benze isigqibo ngonyango olululo lwesigulana.

Kwilebhu ye-pathology iisampulu zethishu ziyakwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi zokwahlula iiseli zomhlaza. Bakwajonga imilo yabo, ubungakanani babo kunye nendlela abahlanganiswe ngayo ngokweisampulu ezivela kwi-lymph nodes kunye nomongo wethambo, ngokujonga phantsi kwe-microscope. Baya kwenza iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-immunophenotyping, uhlalutyo lwe-cytogenetic kunye / okanye izifundo ze-molecular ukufumana ulwazi olungakumbi ukubonisa indlela i-lymphoma enokuthi iziphathe ngayo.

Utshintsho kuhlobo lwakho lwemfuza kunye neechromosomes lunokunceda ekufumaneni uxilongo lwakho, kwaye lunokuchaphazela ukhetho lwakho lonyango

Yintoni Immunophenotyping?

Immunophenotyping yinkqubo esetyenziswa ukwahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli. Ngokomzekelo, umahluko phakathi kwe-lymphocytes eqhelekileyo kunye neeseli ze-lymphoma. Ikwenza oku ngokubhaqa izinto ezincinci zokuchonga, ezibizwa 'abamakishi' or iiantigens ezibonakaliswa kwiiseli.

Immunophenotyping inika ulwazi kwiintlobo ze iantigeni ifunyenwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphakathi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (WBCs). Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ukuxilonga kunye nokuchonga iintlobo ezithile ze-lymphoma. Kwezinye iimeko, ulwazi lunokuqikelela ukuba i-lymphoma inobudlova kangakanani okanye indlela eya kusabela ngayo kunyango. Uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukubona ukuba lusebenze kangakanani na unyango kwaye kujongwe nasiphi na isifo esishiyekileyo okanye esibuyayo.

I-Immunophenotyping inokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Ezi ziquka uvavanyo olubizwa immunohistochemistry (IHC) okanye flow cytometry.

I-Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Immunophenotyping inokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. I-Immunohistochemistry (IHC), kulapho amabala afakwa khona kwiiseli ezikwisilayidi. Emva koko zijongwa phantsi kwe-microscope. Amabala aya kuchonga ii-antigens okanye abamakishi abakhoyo kwiiseli.

Ukuhamba kwecytometry

Enye indlela yile ukuhamba kwecytometry. Kolu vavanyo isampuli iyasetyenzwa kwaye izilwa-buhlungu eziphawulwe ngeziphawuli zefluorescent zongezwa. Ezi maqhinga ncamathela kokuthe ngqo iantigeni xa bekhona. Isampulu ihamba ngesixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-a ukuhamba kwecytometry apho iiseli zomntu ngamnye zihlalutywa.

Ukuhamba kwecytometry ilinganisa inani kunye nepesenti yeeseli kwisampulu yegazi kunye neempawu zeseli ezifana nobukhulu, imilo kunye nobukho bezinto eziphilayo kwi-cell surface. I-Flow cytometry inokubona amanqanaba ashiyekileyo esifo emva konyango. Oku kunceda ugqirha ukuba abone ukuphinda isifo kwaye aqalise unyango njengoko kufuneka.

I-Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

  • Izilayi ezibhityileyo zesampulu ye-biopsy (okanye iileya ezibhityileyo zolwelo) zinyangwa ngeeseti zezilwa-buhlungu eziqaphela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezifumaneka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lymphoma okanye iiseli ze-leukemic kunye ne-lymphocytes eziqhelekileyo.
  • Isazi ngezifo sivavanya izilayidi phantsi kwemakroskopu ukujonga utshintsho olubonakalayo lombala olwenzeka xa i-antibody incamathela kwisiphawuli.
  • I-pathologist ichonga kwaye ibala inani leeseli ezibonakaliswe ngombala (ithetha ukuba zilungile kwi-marker) kunye ne-antibodies nganye eyahlukeneyo.

Ukuhamba kwecytometry

  • Iiseli ezivela kwisampulu ye-biopsy zibekwe kwisisombululo solwelo kwaye zinyangwe ngeeseti zezilwa-buhlungu eziqaphela ii-antigens ezahlukeneyo ezifumaneka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ze-lymphoma.
  • Umxube weseli-antibody utofwa kwisixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-flow cytometer. Lo matshini usebenzisa imiqadi yelaser ukubona imibala eyahlukeneyo ekhutshwa ziiseli kwizilwa-buhlungu ezahlukeneyo ezincanyathiselwe kuzo. Olu lwazi lulinganiswa luze luhlalutywe yikhompyutha luze lutolikwe ngugqirha wezifo.

Yintoni uhlalutyo lwe-cytogenetic?

IiChromosomes ziqulethe imizila yemfuza equka imisonto emide yeDNA. Iiseli zomntu ezisempilweni zineeperi ezingama-23 zeechromosomes. Iichromosomes zohlulwe zibe ziingingqi ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba 'ziingalo', ezibizwa ngokuba yi-p (ingalo emfutshane) kunye no-q (ingalo ende). Ezinye ii-lymphomas kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zineechromosome ezininzi kakhulu okanye ezimbalwa kakhulu okanye zineechromosome ezinesakhiwo esingaqhelekanga. Okuqhelekileyo iikhromosomes zaphukile kwaye ziphinde zaqhagamshelwa (ufuduso), ukuze amaqhekeza echromosome adityaniswe ngendlela ekhokelela ekubeni kusebenze imiqondiso yokukhula kwethumba.

In cytogenetic uhlalutyo, iichromosomes ezivela kwiiseli zomhlaza zihlolwa phantsi kwemicroscope ukujonga ukuba azikho zimbalwa okanye zininzi kakhulu iichromosomes. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ukufumana iziphumo kuvavanyo lwe-cytogenetic kuba inani elaneleyo leeseli zomhlaza kufuneka likhuliswe elabhoratri ukufumana imathiriyeli yemfuzo eyaneleyo yohlalutyo.

Iziphumo ze uhlalutyo lwe-cytogenetic inokunceda ukwahlula phakathi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo of i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma okanye uncedo ekwenzeni izigqibo zonyango.

Ziziphi iintlobo ze-chromosomal abnormalities?

Olunye uhlobo lwe-chromosomal engaqhelekanga efumaneka kwezinye iindidi ze-lymphoma kuthiwa ufuduso, eyenzeka xa inxalenye yechromosome iphuma kwindawo yayo eqhelekileyo ize idityaniswe kwenye ichromosome.

Olunye uhlobo lwe-chromosomal engaqhelekanga lubizwa ngokuba yi-a Ukucinywa, okwenzekayo xa inxalenye yechromosome ingekho. Oku kubhaliwe, umzekelo njenge del(17p), kuqatshelwa ukuba kukho ucimo kwingalo emfutshane yekhromozomi ye-17.

Kutheni isigulana sinokufuna uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo lwemfuza?

Oogqirha banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zofuzo ukuqinisekisa iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-cytogenetic okanye ukufumana ulwazi lwethu oluthe kratya malunga neentlobo zomonakalo wolwazi lwemfuza yeeseli ze-lymphoma.

Iindidi zovavanyo olongezelelweyo lwemfuzo

I-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (INHLANZI)

  • I-FISH isebenzisa iikhemikhali ze-fluorescent ukuncamathelisa ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezithile zekhromozomi ukubonisa ubukho bokufuduswa kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinkulu.
  • I-FISH ibonelela abaphandi ngendlela yokubona kunye nokwenza imaphu yemathiriyeli yemfuza kwiiseli zomntu ngamnye, kuquka imizila yemfuza ethile okanye iinxalenye ezithile zemfuza. Oku kunokusetyenziselwa ukuqonda iintlobo ngeentlobo zokungaqhelekanga kwikhromosomal kunye nolunye utshintsho lwemfuza.
  • I-FISH inokwenziwa kwigazi, i-lymph nodes, okanye iisampulu zomongo, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo zihlala zifumaneka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa (ngokukhawuleza kunovavanyo lwe-cytogenetic).

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

  • I-PCR luvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imizila yemfuza ethile (okt, i-DNA) engenakubonwa phantsi kwemakroskopu.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-PCR lunokwenziwa kubungakanani obuncinci beeseli, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha malunga neveki enye ukufumana ezi ziphumo.

DNA ulandelelwano

  • Ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga ekukhuleni kwethumba zenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kulandelelwano lwemfuza ethile okanye iseti yemfuza.
  • Ezi ziphumo zinokunceda ukuchaza uhlobo lwethumba, ukumisela i-prognosis, okanye ukuphembelela ukhetho lonyango.
  • Ijene yofuzo yomntu ngamnye inokulandelelaniswa okanye iphaneli yofuzo eyaziwayo ebalulekileyo inokulandelelana ngexesha elinye.

Isigulana siya kuzifumana njani iziphumo zaso?

Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olwenziwa kuphela kwiilabhoratri ezithile. I-hematologist iya kufumana iziphumo kwaye itolike ezi kunye nazo zonke ezinye iziphumo zovavanyo. Olu vavanyo lunokuthatha ixeshana ukubuya kwaye ezinye iimvavanyo zinokuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa kwaye ezinye zinokuthatha iiveki.

Kubalulekile ukufumana enye yolu lwazi phambi kokuba unyango luqalise ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango oluchanekileyo lunikezelwa kwisigulana ngasinye. Kubalulekile ukuba izigulane zazi ukuba iimvavanyo zokuxilonga kufuneka zenziwe phakathi kukagqirha kunye nesigulane.

Ithetha ntoni ingxelo?

Ezinye izigulane zithanda ukuphonononga iingxelo zabo ezibhaliweyo; xa usenza njalo, kubalulekile ukuba isigulane sihlolisise ngokucokisekileyo iziphumo kunye nogqirha wabo. Oku kungenxa yokuba amaxesha amaninzi ugqirha utolika iziphumo ezininzi ezivela kwiimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukwenza uxilongo olunolwazi.

Lo ngumzekelo wezinye iimpawu zeCD zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-non-Hodgkin lymphomas ezijongwa ngugqirha ukuze babone ukuba yintoni ukuxilongwa kwe-lymphoma, jonga le theyibhile ingezantsi:

 

Qaphela: Esinye seziphawuli eziluncedo zoxilongo lwe-Hodgkin lymphoma yi-CD30

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Qhagamshelana neLymphoma Australia Today!

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