Inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic yinethiwekhi ebalulekileyo yemikhumbi, i-lymph nodes kunye namalungu asebenza kunye ukusigcina sisempilweni. Iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesistim somzimba wethu kwaye akukho sistim yethu yokuzikhusela okanye i-lymphatic inokusebenza ngaphandle komnye.
Kweli phepha siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo sokuba yintoni na amajoni ethu elymphatic kunye ne-immune, kwaye enza ntoni ukusigcina sisempilweni.
Yintoni eyenza i-lymphatic kunye ne-immune systems?
Inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic yenziwe:
- Ithumba
- Iinqanawa ze-lymphatic
- Lymphocytes (uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi)
- Amalungu aquka wethu:
- Ummongo wethambo
- I-Thymus gland
- Iitoni kunye ne-adenoids
- isihlomelo
- Udakada.
Inkqubo yethu yamajoni omzimba yenziwe:
- Inkqubo ye-lymphatic
- Izithintelo zomzimba ezifana nesikhumba, i-mucous membranes kunye nesisu esiswini.
- Amajoni omzimba (enziwa zii-B-cell lymphocytes)
- Zonke iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kuquka:
- iineutrophils
- oosinophil
- isiseko
- iiseli zemast
- macrophages
- iiseli ezomeleleyo
- lymphocytes
Isebenza njani inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic kunye ne-immune system?
Amajoni ethu omzimba enziwe zizo zonke iiseli kunye namalungu omzimba wethu asikhusela ngokusebenzayo kwiintsholongwane okanye kumonakalo okhokelela kusulelo kunye nezifo. Iiseli zethu ezimhlophe zegazi zilwa neentsholongwane, kwaye ziyazi, zilungise okanye zitshabalalise iiseli ezonakeleyo. Ulusu lwethu, imifinya kunye neeasidi ezisesiswini sethu zisebenza ukubonelela ngomqobo othintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni, okanye zisasazeke emizimbeni yethu.
Inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic nangona kunjalo luthungelwano lwezothutho (imikhumbi ye-lymphatic kunye ne-lymph fluid) yamajoni ethu omzimba, kwaye inceda ukuhambisa zonke iiseli zethu zokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu, kunye nokususa nayiphi na inkunkuma evela kwimisebenzi yomzimba. Ikwabonelela ngeendawo emzimbeni wethu (i-lymph nodes kunye namalungu) ukuze amajoni omzimba enze umsebenzi wawo.
Okunye malunga namajoni ethu omzimba
Amajoni ethu omzimba anemisebenzi emibini ephambili - i-innate immunity kunye ne-adaptive immune. Le misebenzi mibini isebenza kakuhle ukusinika ukhuseleko olukhawulezileyo noluhlala luhleli kwiintsholongwane kunye nomonakalo obangela usulelo kunye nezifo.
Ukungakhuseleki okuzelwe
I-Innate immunity kukukhuseleka esizalwa nako. Ibandakanya imiqobo yomzimba kunye nezinye iiseli zethu ezimhlophe zegazi ezibona kwangoko iiseli ezonakeleyo okanye ezingezizo ezethu (iintsholongwane) kwaye ziqalise ukulwa nazo.
Imiqobo ngokwasemzimbeni
ulusu – Ulusu lwethu lelona lungu likhulu lomzimba wethu. Iyasikhusela ngokwenza umqobo womzimba othintela uninzi lweentsholongwane ukuba zingangeni emizimbeni yethu. Xa sizichebile okanye sinolusu olwaphukileyo okanye olulahlekileyo, sinokuba semngciphekweni owongeziweyo wokosuleleka ngenxa yeentsholongwane ezikwaziyo ukungena emizimbeni yethu.
Iinwebu ze-mucous – Ngamanye amaxesha sinokuphefumla iintsholongwane. Kwezi meko sinemifinya edibanisa impumlo kunye neendlela zomoya ezithi zibambe iintsholongwane kwaye zivumele iiseli zethu zokhuselo lomzimba ukuba zizibambe kwaye zizihlasele. Sinemifinya efanayo edibanisa amanye amalungu emizimba yethu asebenza ngendlela efanayo.
Iiasidi zesisu – Ukuba sitya ukutya okuneentsholongwane, iiasidi zesisu zethu zenzelwe ukubulala iintsholongwane. Oku kuyasinceda ukuba singaguli okanye sifumane ityhefu ekutyeni.
Iiseli ezimhlophe - Uninzi lweeseli zethu ezimhlophe ngaphandle kwe-lymphocytes ziyingxenye ye-innate immunity yethu. Kukho umsebenzi kukuqonda ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na iseli okanye into ephilayo ekhangeleka ngathi ayiyoyeyakhe kwaye iqalise uhlaselo. Azicacanga kakhulu, kodwa zisebenza ngokukhawuleza. Nje ukuba balwe nentsholongwane, bathumela imiqondiso kwiiseli zethu zokuzikhusela ukuze bazi ukuba beze kujoyina umlo okanye bathathe amanqaku kwaye benze. iiseli zememori (jonga ukhuseleko olusebenzayo) ukuzilungiselela ngcono ukulwa usulelo ukuba lubuyile..
Iseli emhlophe eqhelekileyo ye-innate immunity oya kuva ngayo yeyakho iineutrophils. La ngamahashi okhuselo lwakho lwangaphakathi, kodwa lunokuba sezantsi ngenani xa une-lymphoma okanye i-CLL. Unyango lwezi lunokunciphisa inani lakho le-neutrophils, likwenza ube semngciphekweni wokosuleleka. Xa i-neutrophils yakho iphantsi, ibizwa ngokuba i-neutropenia.
Ukugonywa okuguquguqukayo (okufunyenweyo).
I-immunity yethu eguquguqukayo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-acquired immunity kuba asizalwa nayo. Endaweni yoko siyayifumana (okanye siyiphuhlise) njengoko sihamba ebomini kwaye sichanabeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba “yimemori yethu ye-immunological” kuba ukhuseleko lwethu oluguquguqukayo lukhumbula usulelo ebesinalo kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye igcina ezinye iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziiMemory B-cells okanye iimemory T-cells kwiilymph nodes kunye namalungu e-lymphatic.
Ukuba sifumana iintsholongwane ezifanayo kwakhona, iiseli zethu zenkumbulo ziqalisa ukusebenza ngohlaselo olungqalileyo noluchanekileyo lokulwa intsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba ifumane ithuba lokusigulisa. Kodwa iseli nganye yethu yenkumbulo ibona kuphela intsholongwane enye, okuthetha ukuba abalwi rhoqo njengeeseli zokugonyeka kwethu kwangaphakathi, kodwa zisebenza ngakumbi ekulweni iintsholongwane abazikhumbulayo.
Iiseli eziphambili zokhuselo lwethu oluguquguqukayo ziiseli ezifanayo eziba ngumhlaza xa une-lymphoma okanye i-CLL - I-Lymphocyte.
Amajoni omzimba (Immunoglubulins)
Ezona ntlobo ziqolileyo ze-B-cell zibizwa ngokuba zii-Plasma B-cells, kwaye zenza izilwa-buhlungu ukulwa nosulelo. Ii-antibodies zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-immunoglobulins. Ngenxa yokuba i-lymphoma kunye ne-CLL zinokuchaphazela iiseli zakho ze-B, abanye abantu banokuba namanqanaba asezantsi e-antibodies kwaye bathambekele ngakumbi ekuguleni. Xa oku kusenzeka, unokunikwa ukufakelwa kwezilwa-buhlungu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-antibodies IintoVkakhulu IumhleGi-lubulins-IVIG, evela kumnikeli.
Ugonyo lusebenza ngokuvula amajoni ethu omzimba aguqukayo. Ngokusibeka kwidosi encinci kakhulu okanye indawo engasebenziyo yentsholongwane, oko akwanelanga ukusenza sigule, inceda inkqubo yethu yokuguquguquka ukuba iqaphele kwaye yenze iiseli zememori ukulwa usulelo ukuba sithe sachanabeka kulo kwixesha elizayo.
Funda ngakumbi malunga nenxalenye nganye ye-lymphatic kunye ne-immune system, ngokucofa kwizihloko ezingezantsi.
I-lymph nodes ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-lymph glands. Uninzi lwexesha awuyi kuqaphela i-lymph nodes yakho, kodwa ukuba uke waba neqhuma elidumbileyo entanyeni yakho okanye kumgca womhlathi ngexesha losulelo lwendlebe okanye lomqala, leyo yayiyi-lymph node yakho idumba. Ii-lymph nodes zakho zidumba njengoko iiseli zakho zokhuselo lomzimba ziqala ukulwa kwaye ziphelise iintsholongwane ezibangela usulelo. Iintsholongwane ziziswa kwi-lymph node apho zitshatyalaliswe kwaye zisuswe emzimbeni wakho.
Uninzi lwee-lymphocytes zethu zifumaneka kwii-lymph nodes kunye namalungu e-lymphatic, kodwa sinokuba nezinye iiseli zokuzivikela kwii-lymph nodes zethu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo uphawu lokuqala lwe-lymphoma kukudumba okanye iqhuma, kuba i-lymph node igcwala i-lymphocytes enomhlaza kwaye iqala ukudumba.
Iinqanawa zethu ze-lymphatic ziyinethiwekhi "yeendlela" ezidibanisa zonke ii-lymph nodes kunye nezitho ze-lymphatic kunye. Ziyeyona nethiwekhi yothutho yokuhambisa iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba emizimbeni yethu, kunye nokususa inkunkuma kwiiseli ezonakeleyo okanye ezigulayo.
Ngaphakathi kweenqanawa zethu ze-lymphatic kukho ulwelo olucacileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-lymph, olunceda iiseli zokuzikhusela kwi-immune ukuba zihambe ngokulula kwiinqanawa zethu ze-lymphatic. Kwakhona kunomsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuzivikela ngenxa yokuba ibamba ibhaktheriya, kwaye ihambisa kwii-lymph nodes ukuze ibhujiswe.
I-Lymphocytes luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezilwa nosulelo kunye nezifo. Ziquka iiseli ze-B, ii-T-cell kunye neeseli ze-Natural killer (NK), kwaye zenziwe kumongo wethu wethambo ngaphambi kokufudukela kwinkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic.
Iilymphocyte zahlukile kwezinye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ngendlela ezilwa ngayo usulelo. Bayinxalenye yethu i-adaptive immunity.
Amaxesha amaninzi, awungekhe wazi nokuba udibene neentsholongwane, kuba ii-lymphocyte zakho kunye nezinye iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba zilwa nazo ngaphambi kokuba zibe nethuba lokukugulisa.
Ezinye ii-lymphocyte zihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu. Zihlanganisana kunwebu lwamanye amalungu ethu ukuze ukuba naziphi na iintsholongwane zingena kuloo malungu, iilymphocyte zinokuqalisa ukusebenza zize ziwathintele ekubangeleni usulelo. Eminye imimandla yemizimba yethu enala maqela e-lymphocytes kuwo aquka:
- amathumbu (izibilini) – Ezi zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamabala ePeyer
- indlela yokuphefumla (imiphunga kunye neendlela zomoya)
- amalungu obuni (kuquka isibeleko, amasende, kunye namalungu anxulumeneyo kunye nemibhobho
- umgudu womchamo (izintso kunye nesinyi kunye nemibhobho enxulumeneyo).
B-iiseli
Iiseli ze-B zihlala kakhulu kwii-lymph nodes kunye ne-spleen. Iiseli ze-B ezikhulileyo zenza iprotheni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-immunoglobulins - enye eyaziwa ngokuba zii-antibodies, ezisebenza kakhulu ekulweni usulelo kunye nezifo.
Iiseli ze-B zihlala ziphumla kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic kwaye zisebenza kuphela xa zithe zalunyukiswa ngosulelo ekufuneka zilwe.
T-iiseli
Uninzi lweeseli zethu ze-T zenziwa ngaphambi kokuba sifikelele ebudaleni kwaye ziphume kumongo wethu xa zingekavuthwa kakhulu. Bafudukela kwi-thymus yethu apho baqhubeka bekhula kwaye bavuthwe. Amaxesha amaninzi ayaphumla kwaye asebenze kuphela xa kukho usulelo ekufuneka alulwe.
Iiseli ze-T zinokufumaneka kwii-lymph nodes, udaka kunye nezinye iindawo ze-lymphatic system kodwa ngamanani amancinci.
Iiseli ezibulalayo zendalo luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-T-cell ezibandakanyekayo kuzo zombini zethu I-immunity ezalwa kunye ne-adaptive, ngoko basebenza ngakumbi ngalo lonke ixesha, kwaye bahlala bejikeleza imizimba yethu bekhangela naluphi na uphawu losulelo okanye isifo ekufuneka silwe.
I-Lymphocytes ziiseli eziba ngumhlaza xa une-lymphoma ye-CLL
Umongo wethu sisiponji esisembindini wamathambo ethu. Umsebenzi wayo kukwenza zonke iiseli zethu zegazi kuquka iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiplatelets, nazo zonke iiseli zethu ezimhlophe zegazi.
I-thymus gland yethu lilungu elimile njengebhabhathane elihlala phantsi kwethambo lethu lebele (i-sternum). Lilungu eliphambili lenkqubo ye-lymphatic kwaye apho ii-T-cell zihamba khona emva kokushiya umongo wethambo. Kanye kwi-thymus gland, iiseli ze-T ziyaqhubeka zikhula kwaye zihlale kwindawo yokuphumla de zifuneke ukulwa nosulelo.
Iitoni zethu zombini zii-lymph nodes ezibekwe ngasemva komqala wethu, enye kwicala ngalinye. I-Adenoids ifumaneka ngasemva kwempumlo yethu. Zombini ezi zinto zisebenzela ukuthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni emizimbeni yethu. Badla ngokudumba xa sinomqala obuhlungu okanye usulelo lokuphefumla.
I-spleen yethu lilungu le-lymphatic elihlala phantsi kwe-diaphragm yethu. Kulapho uninzi lwe-B-cell lymphocytes yakho luhlala khona, kwaye luvelise izilwa-buhlungu. Udakada lwethu lukwanceda ukuhluza igazi lethu, ukophula iiseli ezindala kunye nezonakeleyo ukwenza iiseli ezintsha ezisempilweni. Ikwagcina ezinye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelet, ezinceda igazi lakho ukuba lijije. Uyakwazi ukubona indawo ye-spleen yakho kumfanekiso we-lymphatic system phezulu kweli phepha.
Yintoni enye eyenziwa yi-lymphatic system yethu?
Inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic inemisebenzi emithathu ephambili equka:
Ukujikeleza kunye nokulawula ulwelo
Ukufunxa amafutha
Ukukhusela imizimba yethu kusulelo kunye nezifo
Iqala phi i-lymphoma?
Ngenxa yokuba i-lymphocytes yethu inokuhamba naphi na emzimbeni wethu, i-lymphoma inokuqala naphi na emzimbeni wethu. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala kwii-lymph nodes okanye ezinye iindawo ze-lymphatic system. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha inokuqala kwezinye iindawo ezibandakanya ulusu, imiphunga, isibindi, ingqondo okanye umnqonqo.
Nodal Lymphoma kuxa i-lymphoma ikwi-lymph nodes okanye ezinye iindawo ze-lymphatic system yakho.
Extra-nodal lymphoma I-Lymphoma ngaphandle kwe-lymph nodes kunye ne-lymphatic system. Oku kubandakanya xa i-lymphoma ifumaneka eluswini lwakho, emiphungeni, esibindini, ebuchotsheni okanye kwintambo yomnqonqo.
isishwankathelo
- Amajoni ethu omzimba kunye ne-lymphatic system asebenza kunye ukusigcina sisempilweni.
- Ngelixa amajoni ethu omzimba elwa neentsholongwane ezibangela usulelo kunye nezifo, inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic ixhasa amajoni ethu omzimba, ihambisa iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba ngemizimba yethu, kwaye ibonelela ngeeseli zokhuselo lomzimba indawo yokuhlala.
- I-Lymphoma ngumhlaza weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytes, eziyinxalenye ye-immune system yethu, kwaye zihlala kwinkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic.
- Ukhuselo lomzimba esizalwa sinalo.
- Ukugonywa okuguquguqukayo sisixokelelwano somzimba esiphuhlayo njengoko sichanabeka kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo kubomi bethu bonke.
