Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyisampula yegazi elithathwe ukuze lihlolwe elabhorethri. Igazi liqukethe amangqamuzana egazi, amakhemikhali namaprotheni. Ngokuhlola igazi lakho, odokotela bangathola okwengeziwe mayelana nempilo yakho jikelele. Odokotela bangathola okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi i-lymphoma nokwelashwa kuwuthinta kanjani umzimba.
Kungani kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwegazi?
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa njengengxenye yokuxilonga kanye nesiteji se-lymphoma. Basiza ithimba lezokwelapha ukuthi liqaphe ukuthi umzimba usabela kanjani ekwelashweni, kanye nokunikeza isithombe esijwayelekile sempilo yakho iyonke. Kungenzeka ukuthi isiguli sibe nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuningi phakathi nokwelashwa nokunakekelwa kokulandelela. Uma ususendaweni yokunakekelwa kokulandelela noma uma ulindile futhi ulindile, uzoba nokuhlolwa kwegazi okungavamile.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ngezizathu eziningi ezihlanganisa:
- Hlola impilo jikelele
- Hlola ukusebenza kwezinso nesibindi
- Usizo ngokuxilonga ezinye izinhlobo ze-lymphoma
- Gada ukwelashwa
- Hlola ukululama emjikelezweni owodwa wokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuqala olandelayo
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?
Ezimweni eziningi akukho okumelwe kwenziwe ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kwezinye izivivinyo zegazi kungase kudingeke ukuzila ukudla (ungadli noma ungaphuzi) ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Eminye imithi ingase idinge ukuyeka noma okunye ukudla kufanele kugwenywe. Uma udinga ukwenza noma yini ngaphambi kokuhlolwa lokhu kuzokuchazela udokotela noma unesi wakho. Uma ungaqiniseki nganoma yiziphi izidingo kubalulekile ukuthi uhlole nethimba lakho lezokwelapha.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?
Uma ungekho esibhedlela udokotela wakho noma unesi uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uye kuphi ukuze uhlole igazi lakho. Lokhu kungase kube esibhedlela sendawo yangakini, emnyangweni wezifo, umhlengikazi womphakathi noma udokotela wakho. Isampula yegazi izothathwa kusetshenziswa inaliti encane. Lokhu kufakwa emthanjeni kaningi engalweni yakho. Kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela ukuthola isampula, bese inaliti encane iyahoxiswa. Uma une idivaysi emaphakathi yokuthola i-venous access abahlengikazi bangase bakwazi ukusebenzisa lokhu ukuze bathole isampula yegazi.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa?
Uma uyisiguli esingalaliswanga, ngokuvamile ungaya ngqo ekhaya ngemva kokuhlolwa ngaphandle uma udinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ukuze uthole i-aphoyintimenti noma ukwelashwa. Eminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi itholakala emaminithini ambalwa kanti eminye ithatha amaviki ambalwa ukubuya. Hlola nodokotela bakho mayelana nokuthi uzoyithola kanjani imiphumela nokuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani. Ilinde imiphumela kungaba nzima, khuluma nethimba lakho uma uzizwa ukhathazekile ngemiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa.
Isho ukuthini imiphumela yami?
Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha kufanele ikuchazele imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho. Ungathola ikhophi yemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kodwa ungase ukuthole kunzima ukuyitolika. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlala nodokotela noma unesi wakho ubacele bakuchazele imiphumela.
Kwesinye isikhathi embikweni uzoqaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kungenzeka "kungaphandle kwebanga lereferensi" noma kuhluke ohlwini "olujwayelekile". Ungakhathazeki njengoba lokhu kuvamile kubantu abaningi. Imiphumela yegazi labantu abaningi ingaphakathi kwereferensi yebanga.
Kodwa-ke cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-1 abanempilo baba nemiphumela engaphandle kwereferensi noma ibanga elivamile. Izinto eziningi zingadala lokhu, isibonelo, iminyaka, ubulili noma ubuzwe.
Odokotela bazobheka imiphumela yegazi lakho futhi banqume ukuthi kukhona yini okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho njengoba bezazi izimo zakho ngazinye.
Zikhona yini izingozi?
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuvamile kuyinqubo ephephe kakhulu. Ungathola udosi oluncane lapho inaliti ishuthekwa. Ungase ube nokulimala okuncane futhi uthole ubuhlungu obuncane endaweni ngemva kokuqedwa kokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuvame ukuba mnene kakhulu futhi kuba ngcono ngokushesha. Kukhona ingozi encane kakhulu yokuthola ukutheleleka. Khuluma nethimba lakho lezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo njengobuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala. Abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bequleka noma benekhanda elilula lapho behlolwa igazi. Kubalulekile ukutshela umuntu othatha igazi lakho uma lokhu kwenzeka noma uma lokhu kuke kwenzeka kuwena esikhathini esidlule.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kweziguli ze-lymphoma
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile okusetshenziselwa abantu abane-lymphoma. Ngezansi ezinye ezivame kakhulu.
- Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okugcwele: lokhu kungenye yokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okwenziwa. Lokhu kuhlola kutshela odokotela ngezinombolo, izinhlobo, ukuma nobukhulu bamaseli egazini. Amaseli ahlukene abukwayo kulesi sivivinyo yilawa;
- Amaseli Egazi Abomvu (RBCs) lamangqamuzana athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho
- Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe (WBCs) ukulwa nokutheleleka. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-WBCs (ama-lymphocyte, ama-neutrophils nabanye). Ingqamuzana ngalinye linendima ethile ekulweni nezifo.
- Amapulatifomu kusiza igazi lakho ukuthi lihlule, livimbele imihuzuko nokopha
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi (LFTs) zisetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kahle kangakanani.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso njenge-urea, i-electrolyte kanye ne-creatinine (U&Es, EUC) ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso (renal)
- I-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) lokhu kuhlola kungasiza ekuboneni ukulimala kwamangqamuzana ezicubu emzimbeni, nokuqapha ukuqhubeka kwawo
- I-C-Reactive Protein (CRP) isetshenziselwa ukukhomba ubukhona bokuvuvukala, ukucacisa ukuqina kwayo, nokuqapha impendulo yokwelashwa
- Izinga le-sedimentation ye-Erythrocyte (ESR) iyakwazi ukubona nokuqapha izimpawu zokuvuvukala emzimbeni
- I-Plasma Viscosity (PV) ikhombisa ukujiya kwegazi lakho. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubalulekile okufanele ube nakho uma kutholakala ukuthi unalo I-macroglobulinemia kaWaldenstrom
- I-Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) Ukuhlola okubalulekile okukala amaprotheni angavamile egazini lakho uma kutholakala ukuthi unawo I-macroglobulinemia kaWaldenstrom
- Isilinganiso samazwe ngamazwe esijwayelekile (INR) kanye ne-PT lezi zivivinyo zikala ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi igazi lakho liqale ukwakha amahlule. Lokhu ungakwenza ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukubhoboza i-lumbar noma i-bone marrow biopsies.
- Ukuhlola ukuchayeka kumagciwane okungase kuhlobane ne-lymphoma, lokhu kungenziwa njengengxenye yokuxilongwa kwakho. Amanye amagciwane ongase uhlolelwe wona ahlanganisa;
- I-Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- I-Hepatitis B no-C
- I-Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- I-Epstein Barr virus (EBV)
- Iqembu legazi kanye ne-crossmatch uma ukumpontshelwa igazi kuyadingeka
Ithimba lezokwelapha lingase liphakamise okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuye ngezimo ngazinye.
