Uhlelo lwethu lwe-lymphatic luyinethiwekhi ebalulekile yemikhumbi, ama-lymph nodes nezitho ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze sihlale sinempilo. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yamasosha ethu omzimba futhi amasosha omzimba wethu noma amasosha omzimba angakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwesinye.
Kuleli khasi sizohlinzeka ngemininingwane yokuthi ayini amasosha ethu omzimba kanye namasosha omzimba, nokuthi enzani ukusigcina sinempilo.
Yini eyenza i-lymphatic ne-immune system?
Uhlelo lwethu lwe-lymphatic lwakhiwe:
- Izindawo ezinama-lymph
- Imikhumbi ye-lymphatic
- I-Lymphocyte (uhlobo lwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi)
- Izitho ezihlanganisa zethu:
- Umkantsha
- I-Thymus gland
- Amathoni nama-adenoids
- isithasiselo
- Ubende.
Amasosha omzimba wethu akhiwe:
- Uhlelo lwe-lymphatic
- Izithiyo ezingokomzimba ezifana nesikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila nama-asidi esisu.
- Ama-antibodies (akhiwe ngama-B-cell lymphocyte)
- Wonke amaseli amhlophe egazi afaka:
- ama-neutrophils
- ama-eosinophils
- ama-basophils
- mast cell
- macrophages
- amaseli e-dendritic
- i-lymphocytes
Isistimu yethu ye-lymphatic kanye namasosha omzimba asebenza kanjani ndawonye?
Amasosha ethu omzimba akhiwe yiwo wonke amangqamuzana nezitho zomzimba wethu ezisivikela ngenkuthalo emagciwaneni noma emonakalweni oholela ekuthelelekeni nasezifweni. Amangqamuzana ethu amhlophe egazi alwa namagciwane ngenkuthalo, futhi ayabona, alungise noma acekele phansi amangqamuzana alimele. Isikhumba sethu, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nama-asidi asesiswini sethu asebenza ukuze anikeze umgoqo ovimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni, noma asabalale emizimbeni yethu.
Isistimu yethu ye-lymphatic nokho inethiwekhi yokuthutha (imikhumbi ye-lymphatic kanye ne-lymph fluid) yamasosha ethu omzimba, futhi isiza ukuhambisa wonke amangqamuzana omzimba wethu wokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu, kanye nokukhipha noma yimiphi imikhiqizo engcolile emisebenzini yamasosha omzimba. Iphinde ihlinzeke ngezindawo emzimbeni wethu (ama-lymph nodes nezitho) ukuze amasosha omzimba enze umsebenzi wawo.
Okuningi mayelana namasosha ethu omzimba
Izivikeli mzimba zethu zinemisebenzi emibili esemqoka - ukungatheleleki kwemvelo kanye nokuzivikela okuguquguqukayo. Le misebenzi emibili isebenza kahle ukuze isinikeze isivikelo esisheshayo nesihlala njalo emagciwaneni nasemonakalweni obangela ukutheleleka nezifo.
Ukungavikeleki okungokwemvelo
I-Innate Immunity iwukuzivikela esizalwa nawo. Kuhlanganisa izithiyo ezingokomzimba kanye namanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi aqaphela ngokushesha amangqamuzana alimele noma okungewona awathi (amagciwane) futhi aqale ukulwa nawo.
Izithiyo ezingokomzimba
Skin – Isikhumba sethu siyisitho esikhulu somzimba wethu. Iyasivikela ngokwenza umgoqo ovimbela amagciwane amaningi ukuba angene emizimbeni yethu. Uma sizisika noma isikhumba esiphukile noma esilahlekile, singaba sengcupheni enkulu yokutheleleka ngenxa yamagciwane akwazi ukungena emizimbeni yethu.
Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila - Ngezinye izikhathi singase siphefumule amagciwane. Kulezi zimo sinolwelwesi lwamafinyila oluhlanganisa ikhala lethu nezindlela zomoya ezibamba amagciwane futhi zivumele amangqamuzana ethu omzimba ukuba awabambe futhi awahlasele. Sinolwelwesi lwamafinyila olufanayo oluhambisana nezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu ezisebenza ngendlela efanayo.
Ama-asidi esisu – Uma sidla ukudla okunamagciwane, ama-asidi ethu esiswini aklanyelwe ukubulala amagciwane. Lokhu kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi singaguli noma sithole ushevu wokudla.
Amaseli amhlophe - Iningi lamangqamuzana ethu amhlophe ngaphandle kwama-lymphocyte ayingxenye yokuzivikela kwethu kwangaphakathi. Umsebenzi okhona uwukubona ngokushesha noma iyiphi ingqamuzana noma into ephilayo ebukeka sengathi akuyona eyakho bese uqala ukuhlasela. Aziqondile kakhulu, kodwa zisebenza ngokushesha. Uma sebelwile negciwane, bathumela amasignali kumaseli ethu omzimba aguquguqukayo ukuze abatshele ukuthi beze bazojoyina impi noma bathathe amaphuzu futhi benze. amaseli enkumbulo (bona ukuzivikela okuguquguqukayo) ukuzilungiselela kangcono ukulwa nesifo uma sibuya..
Ingqamuzana elimhlophe elivame kakhulu lokungavikeleki kwakho ozalwa nalo ozozwa ngalo elakho ama-neutrophils. Lawa ihhashi lokungavikeleki kwakho ozalwa nalo, kodwa lingancipha ngenani uma une-lymphoma noma i-CLL. Ukwelashwa kwalokhu kungase futhi kwehlise inani lama-neutrophils, kukwenze ube sengcupheni eyengeziwe yokutheleleka. Uma ama-neutrophils akho ephansi, kubizwa neutropenia.
Ukuzivikela okuguquguqukayo (okutholiwe).
Amasosha omzimba wethu oguquguqukayo nawo abizwa ngokuthi amasosha omzimba atholakalayo ngoba asizalwa nawo. Esikhundleni salokho siyayithola (noma siyithuthukise) njengoba siqhubeka nokuphila futhi sichayeka ohlotsheni oluhlukile lwamagciwane. Ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi “inkumbulo yethu ye-immunological” ngoba ukungatheleleki kwethu okuguquguqukayo kukhumbula izifo esibe nazo esikhathini esidlule futhi igcina amaseli athile akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-Memory B-cell noma ama-memory T-cell kuma-lymph nodes nezitho ze-lymphatic.
Uma siphinda siwathola amagciwane afanayo, amangqamuzana enkumbulo ethu aqala ukusebenza ngokuhlasela okuqondile nokunembayo ukuze alwe negciwane ngaphambi kokuba libe nethuba lokusigulisa. Kodwa ingqamuzana ngalinye lenkumbulo yethu libona igciwane elilodwa kuphela, okusho ukuthi awalwi kaningi njengamaseli omzimba wethu ongokwemvelo, kodwa asebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni namagciwane awakhumbulayo.
Amaseli ayinhloko wokuzivikela kwethu okuguquguqukayo amaseli afanayo aba nomdlavuza lapho une-lymphoma noma i-CLL - Ama-Lymphocyte.
Amasosha omzimba (Immunoglubulins)
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe kakhulu zama-B-cell zibizwa ngokuthi ama-Plasma B-cell, futhi enza amasosha omzimba ukulwa nezifo. Amasosha omzimba abizwa nangokuthi ama-immunoglobulins. Ngenxa yokuthi i-lymphoma ne-CLL zingathinta ama-B-cell akho, abanye abantu bangase babe namazinga aphansi amasosha omzimba futhi bathambekele kakhulu ekuguleni. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungase unikezwe ukumnika kwamasosha omzimba okuthiwa IintoVwethu IumumoGama-lubulins - IVIG, avela kumnikeli.
Imithi yokugoma isebenza ngokwenza kusebenze ukuzivikela kwethu okuguquguqukayo. Ngokusichaya ngethamo elincane kakhulu noma ingxenye engasebenzi yegciwane, lokho akwanele ukusenza sigule, kusiza uhlelo lwethu oluguquguqukayo ukuthi lubone futhi lwenze amaseli enkumbulo ukuze alwe nokutheleleka uma sichayeka kukho esikhathini esizayo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nengxenye ngayinye ye-lymphatic yakho namasosha omzimba, ngokuchofoza izihloko ezingezansi.
Ama-lymph nodes ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymph glands. Isikhathi esiningi ubungeke wazi ngama-lymph nodes akho, kodwa uma uke waba nesigaxa esivuvukele entanyeni noma emhlathini wakho ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwendlebe noma umphimbo, lokho kwakuyi-lymph node yakho evuvukala. Ama-lymph nodes akho avuvukala njengoba amangqamuzana akho omzimba eqala ukulwa futhi aqede amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka. Amagciwane alethwa ku-lymph node lapho ebhujiswa khona futhi akhishwe emzimbeni wakho.
Iningi lama-lymphocyte ethu atholakala kuma-lymph nodes nezitho ze-lymphatic, kodwa singaba namanye amaseli omzimba kuma-lymph nodes ethu.
Ngokuvamile uphawu lokuqala lwe-lymphoma ukuvuvukala noma isigaxa, ngoba i-lymph node igcwala ama-lymphocyte anomdlavuza futhi iqala ukuvuvuka.
Imikhumbi yethu ye-lymphatic iyinethiwekhi "yemigwaqo" exhumanisa wonke ama-lymph node nezitho ze-lymphatic ndawonye. Ziyinethiwekhi yokuthutha eyinhloko ukuhambisa amaseli omzimba azungeze imizimba yethu, nokukhipha imfucuza kumaseli alimele noma anesifo.
Ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi yethu ye-lymphatic kukhona uketshezi olucacile olubizwa ngokuthi i-lymph, esiza amangqamuzana omzimba ukuba ageleze kalula emithanjeni yethu ye-lymphatic. Futhi inomsebenzi obalulekile wokuzivikela komzimba ngoba ibamba amagciwane, futhi iwahambisa kuma-lymph nodes ukuze abhujiswe.
Ama-Lymphocyte awuhlobo lwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi alwa nokutheleleka nezifo. Ahlanganisa ama-B-cell, T-cells kanye namaseli e-Natural killer (NK), futhi enziwa emnkantsheni wethu ngaphambi kokuthuthela ohlelweni lwethu lwe-lymphatic.
Ama-lymphocyte ahlukile kwamanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ngendlela alwa ngayo nokutheleleka. Bayingxenye yethu ukungatheleleki okuguquguqukayo.
Isikhathi esiningi, ubungeke wazi nokuthi uke wahlangana namagciwane, ngoba ama-lymphocyte akho namanye amaseli omzimba alwa nawo ngaphambi kokuba abe nethuba lokukugulisa.
Amanye ama-lymphocyte ahlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zemizimba yethu. Ahlangana ndawonye olwelweni lwezinye zezitho zethu ukuze kuthi uma noma yimaphi amagciwane adlulele kulezo zitho, ama-lymphocyte akwazi ukusebenza futhi awavimbe angabangeli izifo. Ezinye izindawo zemizimba yethu ezinala maqembu e-lymphocyte kuzo zihlanganisa:
- umgudu wamathumbu (amathumbu) – Lawa ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-Peyer's patches
- indlela yokuphefumula (amaphaphu nezindlela zomoya)
- izitho zangasese (okuhlanganisa isibeletho, amasende, nezitho ezihlobene namashubhu
- umgudu womchamo (izinso nesinye kanye namashubhu ahlobene nawo).
B-amaseli
Ama-B-cell ahlala kakhulu kuma-lymph nodes ethu kanye nobende. Ama-B-cell avuthiwe enza iphrotheni ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi ama-immunoglobulins - aziwa ngokuthi amasosha omzimba, asebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni nezifo kanye nezifo.
Ama-B-cell avame ukuphumula ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic futhi asebenze kuphela lapho exwayiswa ngokutheleleka okudingeka akulwe.
T-amaseli
Iningi lama-T-cell ethu enziwa ngaphambi kokuba sifinyelele ebudaleni futhi aphume emnkantsheni wethu lapho esengamaseli angavuthiwe kakhulu. Bathuthela ku-thymus yethu lapho beqhubeka nokukhula futhi bavuthwe. Imvamisa ziyaphumula futhi ziqala ukusebenza kuphela lapho kunezifo ezidinga ukulwa nazo.
Ama-T-cell angabuye atholakale kuma-lymph nodes ethu, ubende nakwezinye izindawo zesistimu yethu ye-lymphatic kodwa ngezinombolo ezincane.
Amaseli ababulali bemvelo ziwuhlobo olukhethekile lwe-T-cell olubandakanyeka kukho kokubili kwethu ukungatheleleki okuzelwe kanye nokuguquguqukayo, ngakho asebenza kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi avame ukuhamba emizimbeni yethu efuna noma yiluphi uphawu lokutheleleka noma isifo okudingeka silwe.
Ama-lymphocyte amangqamuzana aba nomdlavuza uma une-lymphoma ye-CLL
Umnkantsha wethu uyimpahla eyisipontshi ephakathi kwamathambo ethu. Umsebenzi wawo uwukwenza wonke amangqamuzana egazi ethu kuhlanganise namangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ama-platelet, nawo wonke amangqamuzana ethu amhlophe egazi.
I-thymus gland yethu iyisitho esimise okwemvemvane esihlala ngaphansi kwethambo lethu lebele (i-sternum). Kuyisitho esiyinhloko se-lymphatic system nalapho ama-T-cell aya khona ngemva kokushiya umongo. Uma esengene ku-thymus gland, ama-T-cell ayaqhubeka nokuvuthwa bese ehlala esesimweni sokuphumula kuze kube yilapho edingeka ukulwa nokutheleleka.
Amathoni ethu womabili ama-lymph nodes atholakala ngemuva komphimbo wethu, eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye. I-Adenoids itholakala ngemuva kwekhala lethu. Kokubili lokhu kusebenza ukuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni emizimbeni yethu. Zivame ukuvuvukala lapho sinomphimbo obuhlungu noma isifo sokuphefumula.
Ubende lwethu luyisitho se-lymphatic esihlala ngaphansi kwe-diaphragm yethu. Kulapho ama-B-cell lymphocyte akho amaningi ahlala khona, futhi akhiqize amasosha omzimba. Ubende lwethu luphinde lusize ekuhlungeni igazi lethu, luphule amangqamuzana amadala nalimele ukuze kuvuleleke amaseli amasha anempilo. Iphinde igcine amanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi namaplatelet, asiza igazi lakho ukuthi lihlule. Ungabona indawo yobende lwakho esithombeni se-lymphatic system phezulu kuleli khasi.
Yini enye eyenziwa yi-lymphatic system yethu?
Uhlelo lwethu lwe-lymphatic lunemisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko ehlanganisa:
Uketshezi olujikelezayo nolulawulayo
Ukumunca amafutha
Ukuvikela imizimba yethu ezifweni nasezifweni
Iqala kuphi i-lymphoma?
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-lymphocyte ethu angahamba noma yikuphi emizimbeni yethu, i-lymphoma ingaqala noma kuphi emizimbeni yethu. Ngokuvamile iqala kuma-lymph nodes noma kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu ye-lymphatic. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuqale kwezinye izindawo ezihlanganisa isikhumba, amaphaphu, isibindi, ubuchopho noma umgogodla.
I-Nodal Lymphoma kulapho i-lymphoma iku-lymph nodes yakho noma ezinye izingxenye zesistimu yakho ye-lymphatic.
I-extra-nodal lymphoma I-Lymphoma ngaphandle kwama-lymph nodes akho kanye nesistimu ye-lymphatic. Lokhu kuhlanganisa lapho i-lymphoma itholakala esikhumbeni sakho, amaphaphu, isibindi, ubuchopho noma umgogodla.
Isifinyezo
- Amasosha ethu omzimba kanye ne-lymphatic system asebenza ndawonye ukuze asigcine sinempilo.
- Nakuba isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni silwa namagciwane abangela izifo kanye nezifo, isimiso sethu se-lymphatic sisekela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, sithuthe amaseli omzimba ngemizimba yethu, futhi sinikeze amangqamuzana omzimba indawo yokuhlala.
- I-Lymphoma ingumdlavuza wamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte, ayingxenye yesistimu yethu yokuzivikela eguquguqukayo, futhi ahlala ohlelweni lwethu lwe-lymphatic.
- Amasosha omzimba azalwa nawo amasosha omzimba esizalwa nawo.
- Amasosha omzimba aguquguqukayo amasosha omzimba esiwakhayo njengoba sichayeka kumagciwane ahlukahlukene impilo yethu yonke.
