ʻO ka Hypogammaglobulinemia kahi maʻi e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka lymphoma. Hana ko mākou B-cell lymphocytes i nā antibodies (i kapa ʻia ʻo immunoglobulins) e kōkua i ke kaua ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka maʻi.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻi o nā lymphocytes B-cell, e like me B-cell lymphoma, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka lymphoma hiki ke hopena i nā pae antibody haʻahaʻa i kou koko. Kapa ʻia kēia hypogammaglobulinemia a hiki paha iā ʻoe ke maʻalahi i nā maʻi a i ʻole pilikia paha ʻoe i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi.
No kekahi poʻe, ʻo ka hypogammaglobulinemia kahi maʻi pōkole, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e pono ai ke kākoʻo pale ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi. E nīnau i kāu kauka pehea ka lōʻihi e pono ai ʻoe i ke kākoʻo immune hou.
He huaʻōlelo lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i nā pae antibody haʻahaʻa i kou koko.
He aha nā antibodies?
ʻO nā antibodies kahi ʻano protein i hana ʻia e kā mākou B-cell lymphocytes e hakakā a hoʻopau i ka maʻi a me nā maʻi (pathogens). Loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻano antibodies a hakakā wale kēlā me kēia i kahi ʻano pathogen. Kaomi ma nā poʻomanaʻo ma lalo nei e aʻo hou e pili ana i nā ʻano antibody like ʻole.
Immunoglobulin Gamma
Loaʻa iā mākou nā antibodies IgG ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua like lākou me ka leka Y .
Loaʻa ka IgG i loko o ko mākou koko a me nā wai kino ʻē aʻe. He hoʻomanaʻo immunological kēia mau protein, no laila e hoʻomanaʻo lākou i nā maʻi i loaʻa iā ʻoe i ka wā ma mua a hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi iā lākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I kēlā me kēia manawa i loaʻa iā mākou kahi maʻi, mālama mākou i kekahi IgG hoʻomanaʻo kūikawā i loko o ko mākou koko e pale iā mākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa kāu IgG olakino, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā maʻi hou aʻe a paʻakikī paha ke kāpae ʻana i nā maʻi.
Immunoglobulin Alpha (IgA)
ʻO ka IgA kahi antibody i loaʻa ka hapa nui i loko o ko mākou mau mucous membrane e laina i ko mākou ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū hanu. Hiki i kekahi IgA ke komo i loko o ko mākou kohu, waimaka a me ka waiū umauma.
ʻO IgM ka antibody nui loa a mākou e like me 5 "Y" i hui pū ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi huila kaʻa. ʻO ia ka antibody mua ma ka pūnaewele ke loaʻa iā mākou kahi maʻi, no laila hiki ke piʻi kou pae o IgM i ka wā o ka maʻi, akā e hoʻi hou i ka maʻamau ke hoʻāla ʻia ka IgG a i ʻole nā antibodies ʻē aʻe.
Hiki i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o IgM ke alakaʻi iā ʻoe i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi ma mua o ka maʻamau.
Immunoglobulin Epsilon (IgE)
Immunoglobulin Delta (IgD)
ʻO IgD kekahi o nā antibodies i ʻike ʻole ʻia. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ua hana ʻia ia e nā pūnaewele plasma, a ʻike pinepine ʻia e pili ana i nā lymphocytes B-cell makua ʻē aʻe i loko o kā mākou spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils a me ka uhi o ko mākou waha a me nā alaloa (mucous membranes).
ʻO nā pūnaewele plasma ke ʻano oʻo loa o nā lymphocytes B-cell.
Hiki ke loaʻa kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka IgD i loko o ko mākou koko, nā māmā, nā ala ea, nā waimaka a me nā pepeiao waena. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo IgD e hoʻoikaika i nā lymphocytes B-cell makua e lilo i mau pūnaewele plasma. Manaʻo ʻia he mea nui ia i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi hanu.
Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ʻo IgD me IgM, akā ʻaʻole maopopo i ke ʻano a i ʻole inā hana pū lākou.
Nā hōʻailona o ka hypogammaglobulinemia
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka hypogammaglobulinemia e pili ana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali a me nā maʻi i loaʻa iā ʻoe ma muli o ka hopena.
ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka hypogammaglobulinemia penei:
- ʻO nā maʻi hanu hou e like me ka maʻi maʻi, ke anu, ka bronchitis, ka maʻi maʻi, COVID.
- ʻO nā maʻi i loko o kou ʻōpū ʻōpū (ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū) ka hopena i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ka maʻi maʻi a i ʻole ka makani pilau a i ʻole ka po.
- Nā maʻi maʻamau
- Paʻakikī i nā maʻi maʻi.
- Ke wela kiʻekiʻe (fever) o 38 degere a ʻoi aku paha.
- ʻO ke anu a me ke koʻikoʻi (ka lulu)
Nā kumu o ka hypogammaglobulinemia
Hiki i ka Hypogammaglobulinemia ke ʻano genetic i hānau ʻia ʻoe ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kāu mau genes, a i ʻole he maʻi lua. ʻO kēia ʻaoʻao pūnaewele e pili ana i ka hypogammaglobulinemia lua no ka mea he hopena ʻaoʻao ia o ka mālama ʻana ma mua o kahi maʻi āu i hānau ai.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa o kāu lymphocytes B-cell (e like me ka lymphoma cell B) e hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka hypogammaglobulinemia no ka mea ʻo nā lymphocytes B-cell ka mea e hana ai i kā mākou antibodies. Hiki i nā kumu ʻē aʻe ke komo:
- Chemotherapy
- Nā monemona monoclonal
- ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me BTK a i ʻole BCL2 inhibitors
- Ka lapaʻau ʻana i kou mau iwi a i ʻole ka iwi iwi
- Corticosteroids
- ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Stem-cell transplant a i ʻole CAR T-cell therapy
- ʻAʻohe meaʻai
Ka mālama ʻana i ka hypogammaglobulinemia
ʻO ka lapaʻau ʻana i ka hypogammaglobulinemia ke kuhikuhi ʻia e pale a mālama paha i kekahi maʻi ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i mea hoʻoweliweli.
Hiki paha i kāu kauka lāʻau haematologist a i ʻole oncologist ke hoʻomaka iā ʻoe i kekahi lāʻau prophylactic. ʻO ka prophylactic ka mea e pale ai. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea inā ʻaʻole ʻoe he maʻi, e hoʻāʻo a hoʻōki i kou maʻi ʻana ma hope, a i ʻole e hōʻemi i kou mau hōʻailona inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi.
ʻO kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻomaka ai ʻoe:
- Immunoglobulin Intravenous (IVIG). Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he infusion pololei i loko o kou kahawai koko, a i ʻole e like me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o kou ʻōpū. Hoʻopiha ʻia me nā immunoglobulins mai kahi mea hāʻawi e kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kāu pae immunoglobulin (antibody).
- lāʻau anti-fungal e like me ka fluconazole a i ʻole posaconazole. Hoʻopaʻa a mālama paha kēia i nā maʻi fungal e like me ka thrush hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i loko o kou waha a i ʻole nā ʻōpū
- lāʻau anti-viral e like me ka valacyclovir. ʻO kēia mau mea e pale ai i ka lapalapa a mālama ʻana paha i nā maʻi maʻi e like me ka herpes simplex virus (HSV), ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā ʻeha anu ma kou waha a i ʻole nā ʻeha ma kou ʻōpū.
- ʻO ka lāʻau anti-bacterial e like me ka trimethoprim. Mālama kēia mau mea i kekahi mau maʻi bacteria e like me ka maʻi maʻi bacterial.
Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi
Hiki ke komo i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi:
- ʻO ke kuni a i ʻole ka wela o 38° degere a ʻoi aku paha
- ʻO ke anu a/a i ʻole ka ʻoʻoleʻa (ka haʻalulu ʻole ʻia)
- ʻEha a ʻulaʻula a puni nā ʻeha
- Pus a hemo paha mai kahi ʻeha
- ʻAi a ʻeha ʻeha paha
- Ke hoʻomaha iki
- ʻO ke alelo i uhi ʻia ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ma hope o ka palaki ʻana
- Nā ʻeha i loko o kou waha e ʻeha a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻia (pehu)
- Paʻakikī, ʻeha a wela paha i ka hele ʻana i ka lua
- ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka manaʻo maʻamau
- Ke koko haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka puʻuwai wikiwiki.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi maʻi, e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i ka lāʻau e kōkua i ka lanakila ʻana i ka maʻi. Hiki i kēia ke komo i nā lāʻau antibiotic, nā lāʻau antifungal a i ʻole nā lāʻau antiviral e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi i loaʻa iā ʻoe. Pono paha ʻoe e komo i ka haukapila e loaʻa ai kēia mau lāʻau.
Inā maʻi ʻole ʻoe, a loaʻa paha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e kelepona koke i kāu kauka. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i kāu kauka, kelepona i kahi kaʻa kaʻa ma ka "000" a i ʻole e hele i kāu keʻena pilikia pilikia kokoke loa.
hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
- ʻO Hypogammaglobulinemia kahi huaʻōlelo lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pae antibody haʻahaʻa i kou koko.
- Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Antibodies he immunoglobulins a he pūmua i hana ʻia e B-cell lymphocyte.
- ʻO nā Immunoglobulins kahi ʻāpana nui o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale a hakakā i ka maʻi, nā maʻi a kōkua i ka hoʻopau ʻana iā lākou mai ko mākou kino.
- Hiki i nā ha'aha'a antibody ha'aha'a ke hopena i kou loa'a 'ana i nā ma'i ma'i, a i 'ole ka pa'akikī o ka pale 'ana i nā ma'i.
- Hiki i nā lymphomas B-cell, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka lymphoma ke kumu o ka hypogammaglobulinemia.
- Pono paha ʻoe i ke kākoʻo ʻokoʻa e pale aku iā ʻoe mai ka maʻi a me ka maʻi. Hiki i kēia ke komo i ka loaʻa ʻana o immunoglobulins mai ka mea hāʻawi a i ʻole prophylactic anti-fungal, anti-viral lāʻau a i ʻole nā antibiotic.
- He maʻi pōkole paha ka hypogammaglobulinemia a i ʻole pono ka mālama lōʻihi. E nīnau i kāu kauka i ka mea e manaʻo ai.
- Inā he nīnau kāu, e kelepona i kā mākou Lymphoma Care Nurses ma ke kaomi ʻana i ke pihi contact us ma lalo o ka pale.
