Ma kēia ʻaoʻao e kūkākūkā mākou i ka chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.
Overview
Hoʻomaopopo i ka CAR T-cell therapy ma lymphoma
Kauka Michael Dickinson, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center
ʻO ka chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy he ʻano o ka immunotherapy e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī o ke kanaka e hoʻāʻo e luku i nā sela lymphoma.
Mālama ka ʻōnaehana pale iā mākou a ʻo ia ka pale o ke kino i ka maʻi a me nā maʻi, me ke kanesa. Hana ʻia ia me kahi ʻupena o nā kino a me nā ʻili koko keʻokeʻo loea i kapa ʻia ʻo lymphocytes. ʻEkolu ʻano o nā lymphocytes e komo pū ana:
- B lymphocytes (B-cell) - e hana ana i nā antibodies e hakakā i ka maʻi maʻi
- Nā lymphocytes T - kōkua i nā cell B e hana i nā antibodies e ʻike i nā cell i hoʻopili ʻia, e hakakā i ka maʻi & pepehi pololei i nā maʻi maʻi a i ʻole nā pūnaewele maʻi maʻi i loko o ke kino
- Nā pūnana pepehi maoli (NK). - hoʻouka pū kekahi i nā maʻi kanesa, nā maʻi maʻi a pepehi i nā maʻi maʻi
Ke loaʻa i nā lymphocytes kekahi mau hoʻololi genetic, puʻunaue a ulu lākou me ka hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i ka lymphoma. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka hiki ʻole i ka ʻōnaehana pale ke ʻike i nā sela maʻi maʻi ʻino a ʻaʻole hiki ke luku iā lākou. Hiki nō hoʻi i nā maʻi maʻi ke hoʻomohala i nā ala e pale ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale mai ka hoʻouka ʻana iā lākou. No ka laʻana, hana kekahi mau pūnana maʻi maʻi i nā protein kūikawā ma ko lākou ʻili e haʻi i nā cell T-ʻaʻole e hoʻouka iā lākou.
ʻO ka chemotherapy a me ka radiation therapy ka hana maʻamau e mālama ai i ka maʻi kanesa. ʻO ka Immunotherapy kahi ʻano lapaʻau e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kino e ʻike a hoʻouka i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino.
He wahi ikaika ia o ka noiʻi lapaʻau a aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau immunotherapy i hōʻoia ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia me ka monoclonal antibody therapy (rituximab a i ʻole obinutuzumab), nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia (e laʻa.
He aha ka CAR T-cell therapy?
ʻO CAR T-cell therapy he ʻano hou o ka immunotherapy e hoʻohana ana i nā T-cell ponoʻī o ka mea maʻi no ka ʻike a hoʻouka ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. Hoʻohana ʻo CAR T-cell therapy i nā pūnaewele T i hoʻololi kūikawā ʻia e hoʻopaʻa pololei a pololei i kekahi mau maʻi maʻi maʻi, me kekahi mau subtypes o B-cell lymphoma. ʻO nā pūnaewele T i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana pale e hoʻouka a pepehi i nā pūla lymphoma.
Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia kahi hapa o nā T-cell ponoʻī o ka mea maʻi mai ke koko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo apheresis. Hoʻopili hou ʻia kēia mau cell i loko o kahi keʻena kūikawā, no laila ke lawe nei lākou i nā hale kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) ma ko lākou ʻili. ʻO nā CAR nā protein i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻopili i kahi pahu kikoʻī ma nā pūnaewele maʻi maʻi. No nā huahana i ʻae ʻia i kēia manawa, ua kapa ʻia kēlā protein CD19 i loaʻa ma ka ʻili o nā pūnaʻi B maʻamau a maʻi maʻi.
Hoʻokomo hou ʻia nā pūnaʻi T CAR i hana ʻia i loko o ka mea maʻi (e like me ke kahe koko). Ke hoʻopaʻa lākou i kā lākou mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻonui lākou me ka wikiwiki, a pepehi i nā pūnaewele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kēia hihia ʻo ka lymphoma B-cell a me nā lymphocytes B maʻamau. Hoʻomau lākou i ka hoʻonui a hoʻouka i nā pūnaeho maʻi kanesa a pau lākou.
I kekahi mau hihia, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomau ka CAR T-cell i ke kino (i kapa ʻia ʻo "persistence") a hiki ke hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana i ka lymphoma a i ʻole leukemia. ʻO ia ke kumu i manaʻo ai ka poʻe he nui i ka CAR T-cells he 'lāʻau ola'.
ʻO wai ka mea kūpono no ka CAR T-cell therapy?
Kākoʻo kālā ʻia ʻo CAR T-cell therapy ma Australia no ka poʻe i hoʻokō i nā koina kūpono e hahai ʻia e kahi papa kauka loea. ʻO nā poʻe maʻi i ʻike ʻia me kekahi o nā maʻi B-cell i helu ʻia, ua hoʻi hou ma hope o 2 mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua a i ʻole he refractory (ʻaʻole i pane i ka chemotherapy) a kūpono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki ke kūpono i ka lāʻau CAR T-cell. Hiki i ka CAR T-cell therapy ke loaʻa nā hopena koʻikoʻi a ʻaʻole kūpono i nā mea a pau.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea maʻi e hele pinepine i ke kala ʻana ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua maʻamau i loaʻa i ka chemotherapy a me kahi antibody monoclonal. He pipiʻi loa ka lāʻau lapaʻau T-cell CAR a ʻoi aku ma mua o $500,000 no ka mea maʻi. ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ke kaʻina hana hana loea e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā pūnaewele CAR T. ʻO kekahi mau kikowaena maʻi maʻi wale nō e hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā e hoʻokomo i ka CAR T-cell therapy a mālama i ka mālama maʻi.
Hiki ke kūpono nā subtypes lymphoma ma lalo nei:
- Diffuse Lymphoma B-nui
- ʻO Lymphoma Follicular Transformed
- Papa 3b Follicular Lymphoma
- ʻO ka Lymphoma pūnaewele B-cell mua
- B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (B-ALL) no ka poʻe ma mua o 26
- ʻO Lymphoma Cell Mantle.
CAR T-cell therapy ma Australia
Ma Australia, ʻelua mau huahana i loaʻa ka manaʻo maikaʻi mai ke Kōmike Aʻoaʻo Kauka Lapaʻau (MSAC) a e loaʻa koke ʻia nā mea ʻelua i ka lehulehu. Aia kēia mau huahana:
- KymriahTM (tisagenlecleucel) he huahana Novartis a hoʻolako kālā ʻia ma Australia
- ʻO YescartaTM (axicabtagene ciloleucel) he huahana Gileada a hoʻolako kālā ʻia ma Australia
- TecartusTM (brexucabtagene autoeucel) kahi huahana Gileada i hoʻolako kālā ʻia ma Australia.
Kūkākūkā ʻia nā mea kuhikuhi āpau e nā loea lapaʻau ma kahi hālāwai CAR T-cell i kēlā me kēia pule. No ka ʻike hou aku, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka haematologist a i ʻole Lymphoma Australia.
Ma hea e loaʻa ai iaʻu ka lāʻau lapaʻau T-cell?
makua | keiki |
ʻO'Awelika Komohana Ka Halemai o Fiona Stanley New South Wales ʻO ka Halemai Aliʻi Aliʻi Alfred Halemai Westmead Victoria ʻO ke kikowaena maʻi maʻi ʻo Peter MacCallum Queensland Royal Brisbane a me ka Halemai Wahine | Queensland Halema'i keiki o Queensland New South Wales Halemai o na Keiki Sydney Victoria ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kau Keiki o ke Aliʻi Ka Halemai Alfred |
ʻO ke kaʻina hana T-cell CAR
Hana ʻia nā cell T CAR no kēlā me kēia kanaka. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, e like me ka chemotherapy (bridging therapy), e mālama i kou lymphoma ma lalo o ka mana i ka wā e hana ʻia ana nā CAR T-cells (3-6 pule).
- Hōʻiliʻili pū-t: Lawe ia ke koko mai ka mea mai. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke koena o ke koko i loko o ke kahe koko o ka mea maʻi ma o ka apheresis (e like me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā cell stem). Hoʻouna ʻia nā T-cell o ka mea maʻi i ka lab no ka hana ʻana.
- Ka hana ʻana i nā pūnaewele T CAR: Hoʻololi ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia nā pūnaʻi T i hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa a pepehi i nā maʻi kanesa. Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻenekini T-cell i kēia manawa ʻo CAR T-cells. Hoʻonui ʻia nā cell T CAR o ka mea maʻi a hiki i ka miliona o lākou a laila e hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā cell T-CAR i ka haukapila o ka mea maʻi. Hiki i kēia kaʻina hana ke lawe i kekahi mau pule.
- Kemoterapi: E loaʻa i ka mea maʻi ka chemotherapy (lymphodepletion), e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā T-cell maʻamau i loko o ke kino e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pūnaʻi T CAR, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui (hoʻonui) i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo kēia chemotherapy he fludarabine a me cyclophosphamide.
- CAR T-cell infusion: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā cell T-CAR o ka mea maʻi a laila hoʻihoʻi ʻia i loko o ke kahe koko o ka mea maʻi, e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kahe koko a i ʻole nā pūnaewele stem.
- I loko o ke kino o ka mea maʻi: Hoʻonui wikiwiki nā CAR T-cells i ke kahe koko o ka mea maʻi. ʻIke a pepehi ka CAR T-cell i nā cell lymphoma. Hiki i nā pūnaewele T CAR ke noho i loko o ke kahe koko e hoʻouka inā hoʻi mai ka lymphoma.
- Hoʻouka hou: E nānā pono ʻia ka mea maʻi i ka wā a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka poʻe maʻi i loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau CAR T-cell he manawa hoʻōla ma kahi o 2-3 mahina. I loko o kēia manawa, e loiloi ʻia nā mea maʻi no nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me ka pane ʻana i ka lāʻau. I loko o nā lā 30 mua ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai ka haukapila, pono nā mea maʻi e noho kokoke (i loko o 20 min) i ko lākou haukapila mālama no ka hahai mau ʻana a i ʻole ka mālama wikiwiki inā pono.
Hiki i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau T-cell therapy
Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. He ʻano lapaʻau hou ʻo CAR T-cell therapy, a ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka poʻe noiʻi i ka mālama ʻana, pēlā nō ka hoʻokele ʻana i kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao. Hiki i ka CAR T-cell therapy ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena koʻikoʻi a hāʻawi wale ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā halemai me nā mea hana a me nā limahana loea e mālama pono i kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole hiki i nā maʻi āpau ke ʻae i kekahi o nā hopena ʻaoʻao a no laila pono e noʻonoʻo pono ke kūlana olakino a me ke olakino o kēlā me kēia maʻi ma mua o ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau T-cell.
Hiki i kekahi o nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau ke hoʻopilikia i kahi hapa nui o nā maʻi a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokipa lōʻihi. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka pinepine o kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao i ka huahana i hoʻohana ʻia, a me nā mea maʻi a me nā mea pili i ka maʻi. Aia kēia mau mea:
- Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Cytokine
- Fiva a me nā anuanu
- ʻO ke koko haʻahaʻa a me nā pae oxygen haʻahaʻa
- ʻO nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana nerve me; pilikia o ka lolo (encephalopathy), ke po'o, ka ha'alulu a ha'alulu paha
- Ka wikiwiki o ka naʻau (tachycardia) a me nā loli i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai (arrhythmia)
- Ka luhi (ka luhi loa)
- ʻOlelo
- ʻO nā hōʻailona digestive; nausea, lua'i, hoemi i ka makemake, ka ma'i a me ka constipation
- ʻO Febrile neutropenia (neutrophils haʻahaʻa - ʻōnaehana pale) a me nā maʻi
He aha ka cytokine release syndrome (CRS)?
ʻO ka maʻi hoʻokuʻu Cytokine (CRS) kahi hopena koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a pili pū me CAR T-cell therapy. ʻO nā cytokines nā ʻelele kemika e kōkua i nā pūnae T e hoʻokō i kā lākou mau hana, i hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻonui ai nā CAR T-cells i loko o ke kino a pepehi i nā maʻi kanesa. Hiki i nā hōʻailona CRS ke loaʻa mai ka maʻi maʻi maʻi like me nā hōʻailona a hiki i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā pūnae T e hoʻokuʻu i nā cytokines (nā ʻelele kemika), e kōkua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka pane kūlohelohe. I ka hihia o CRS, aia ka wikiwiki a me ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā cytokines i loko o ke kahe koko, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke kuni kiʻekiʻe weliweli a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia he 'cytokine storm'.
Nā hōʻailona o ka cytokine release syndrome
Hiki ke ala mai ka CRS i loko o 1 a i 5 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻokomo hou ʻia ʻana o nā cell T-CAR i loko o ka mea maʻi, ʻoiai e hiki mai ana i nā pule ma hope o kekahi mau hihia. No ka hapanui o nā maʻi, ʻoluʻolu ke ʻano i hiki ke mālama ʻia me ke kākoʻo ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana.
Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona ke hoʻohui pū:
- kuni
- 'Oloke
- Pau ka maʻi
- ʻO ka maʻi a me kaʻeha pū
- ʻO ka naʻi a me ka luaʻi
- Kōkua
- Kau
- ʻO ka hanu wikiwiki
- Hoʻomaopopo i ka noʻonoʻo pinepine
- Low ke koko,
- Ka hopu
- Heʻeha
- Huikau a i ʻole delirium
- Nā Hale
- ʻO Tremor
- Nalo o ka hoʻonohonoho
Ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi hoʻokuʻu cytokine
No nā poʻe maʻi he nui, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka CRS me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kākoʻo maʻamau e like me nā steroids a i ʻole ka wai intravenous. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike hou aku o ka poʻe noiʻi me CAR T-cell therapy, ke aʻo nei lākou pehea e hoʻokele maikaʻi ai i nā hihia koʻikoʻi o CRS.
ʻO kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau no nā maʻi e mālama i ka CRS koʻikoʻi ma o ka lawelawe ʻana i kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo tocilizumab (Actemra).TM). ʻO kēia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike mua ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi inflammatory ʻē aʻe, i hoʻohana ʻia e pale i kahi cytokine i kapa ʻia ʻo IL-6. ʻO IL-6 kahi cytokine i hūnā ʻia i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e nā T-cells i pane i ka mumū.
Pono e ʻae ʻia kekahi mau maʻi no ka mālama ʻana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a hiki ke noho i ka haukapila no hoʻokahi pule a i ʻole. Pono e ʻae ʻia kekahi poʻe maʻi no ke kākoʻo hou aku i ka hale mālama kino (ICU).
ʻO nā pilikia ʻōnaehana nerve
Hiki i nā poʻe he nui i mālama ʻia me CAR T-cell therapy ke loaʻa nā pilikia ʻōnaehana nerve i loko o kekahi mau lā o ka mālama ʻana, ʻoiai hiki ke ulu nā pilikia a hiki i 8 pule ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. He maʻalahi nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana nerve a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ʻelua pule.
ʻO nā pilikia maʻamau e ulu nei hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o kou lolo, kahi e hiki ai i nā hōʻailona ke komo i ka haʻalulu, ke poʻo, ka huikau, ka pau ʻole o ke kaulike, ka ʻōlelo pilikia, ka hopu ʻana a me nā hallucinations i kekahi manawa. Hoʻopau pinepine kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ʻoiai no kekahi hiki ke mau no nā pule.
Hoʻihoʻi hou i ka lāʻau lapaʻau T-cell
Hiki ke lōʻihi ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka wā e hoʻi hou ana ka ʻōnaehana pale o ka mea maʻi. ʻO ka manawa hoʻōla a me ka nānā pono ʻana he 30 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o CAR T-cell. I loko o kēia manawa pono e noho nā mea maʻi i loko o 20 mau minuke mai ke kikowaena mālama maʻi maʻi. Pono lākou e mālama pū me lākou i nā manawa a pau e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ke kuni, ka maʻi a me nā pilikia neurologic. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi e luhi a ʻaʻole makemake nui i kēia manawa.
Nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ke kino
Ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka lāʻau T-cell therapy i kāu ʻōnaehana pale, hiki paha iā ʻoe ke pilikia nui i ka maʻi, me nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. He haʻahaʻa paha kou mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka pae B-cell a me nā pae antibody haʻahaʻa o kekahi poʻe (ʻo nā antibody nā protein i hana ʻia e nā cell B e kōkua iā ʻoe e hakakā i ka maʻi). Hiki i kēia mau pilikia ke paʻakikī i kou kino e hakakā i nā maʻi. Hāʻawi ʻia paha ʻoe i ka lāʻau e pale ai i nā maʻi. Inā he haʻahaʻa kou mau antibody, pono paha ʻoe i ka immunoglobulin replacement therapy (infusion of antibodies) e kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale.
Nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ma Australia
Nui nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau e mālama ʻia nei a puni ka honua no nā maʻi maʻi koko like ʻole a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi paʻa. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka lanakila loa i kekahi mau lymphoma B-cell. Aia i kēia manawa nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau no ka lymphoma B-cell ma waena o Australia i loaʻa (mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua) no:
- Hoʻolahalaha nui B-cell lymphoma
- Hoʻololi lōmiʻi
- Mantmph cell lymphoma
- B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Leukemia Lymphocytic mau loa
No ka ʻike hou aku e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele 'Understanding Clinical Trials' a i ʻole e ʻike www.miakikani.gov
Nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau honua
Nui nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau no CAR T-cell therapy a puni ka honua. Aia nā ʻāina alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ma USA a me ʻEulopa. Aia nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau e nānā ana i nā lymphomas like ʻole a me ka maʻi leukemia mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua, a ma ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻihoʻi a i ʻole refractory.
Hoʻomaka nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau no ka CAR T-cell therapy i nā kānaka i ka makahiki 2012. Ua ʻae wale ʻia e ka FDA (Food and Drug Administration in the USA) ma 2017 i ʻike i ka holomua wikiwiki o ka honua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka CAR T-cell therapy.
Ke ho'āʻo nei ka poʻe noiʻi e hoʻomaopopo i ka hana ʻana o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena no nā maʻi. He wahi e ulu wikiwiki ana o ka noiʻi a hoihoi i ka lōʻihi o ka hiki ʻana mai i ka manawa pōkole.
No ka ʻike hou aku e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele 'Understanding Clinical Trials' a i ʻole e ʻike www.miakikani.gov
No ka ʻike hou aku
- E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka lāʻau haematologist e pili ana i kou kūpono a kūpono paha i ka loaʻa ʻana o CAR T-cell therapy. Inā pēlā, hiki i kāu kauka haematologist ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi kuhikuhi.
- No nā nīnau e pili ana i ka pono o ka maʻi no CAR T-cell therapy a i ʻole pehea e hiki ai i nā maʻi ke komo i kēia lapaʻau, e leka uila: CAR-T.enquiry@petermac.org
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke kelepona i ka Lymphoma Nurse Support Line: T 1800 953 081 ole i leka uila: kahu@lymphoma.org.au no ka ʻike hou aku a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.
Nā hōʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, nā nīnauele loea a me nā kumuwaiwai
He mea hou e pili ana i ka CAR T-cell Therapy ma Australia - Hoʻonaʻauao Session i mālama ʻia 21 Nowemapa 2020
Kauka Michael Dickinson, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i ka lymphoma aggressive & CAR T-cell therapy
Kauka Michael Dickinson, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center
Nā lāʻau lapaʻau T-cell CAR a me ke ʻano o ia mea no nā maʻi
He hui pū ʻia e Lymphoma Coalition a me ka Acute Leukemia Advocates Network - 30th June 2022
Nā nīnauele loea o ka American Society of Hematology (ASH).
Nīnauele loea ʻo European Hematology Association
CAR T-cell puke mele – CLL Society
ʻO kekahi mau nīnau e nīnau i kāu kauka
Hiki iaʻu ke ʻae i ka lāʻau lapaʻau T-cell CAR?
Loaʻa nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau lapaʻau CAR T-cell therapy ma Australia i hiki iaʻu ke ʻae?
Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi noʻu?
Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iaʻu?
Ua hōʻano hou ʻia kēia ʻaoʻao i ʻAukake 2020
Ka maʻi a me ka ʻohana alakaʻi i ka CAR T-cell therapy - ʻO ka ʻike maʻi
ʻO ka wikiō ma lalo "Ka maʻi a me ka ʻohana alakaʻi i ka CAR T-cell therapy" ua hoʻomohala ʻia e ke aupuni NSW. Ma muli o kā lākou hoʻonohonoho pilikino ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke pāʻani ma kā mākou pūnaewele, akā inā ʻoe kaomi ma ke pihi polū "E nānā ma Vimeo" hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i kēia wikiō no ka manuahi.
