I-Hypogammaglobulinemia yisimo esingathinta abantu abane-lymphoma. Ama-B-cell lymphocyte ethu enza amasosha omzimba (abizwa nangokuthi ama-immunoglobulins) asiza ukulwa nokutheleleka kanye nezifo.
Umdlavuza we-B-cell lymphocyte, njenge-B-cell lymphoma, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-lymphoma kungabangela amazinga aphansi e-antibody egazini lakho. Lokhu kubizwa i-hypogammaglobulinemia futhi kungaphumela ekubeni uthambekele kakhulu ekungenweni izifo noma ungase ube nenkinga yokuqeda izifo.
Kwabanye abantu, i-hypogammaglobulinemia yisimo sesikhashana, kanti abanye bangadinga ukwesekwa kwamasosha omzimba isikhathi eside. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi uzodinga isikhathi esingakanani ukwesekwa kwamasosha omzimba.
Igama lezokwelapha elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza amazinga aphansi e-antibody egazini lakho.
Ayini amasosha omzimba?
Amasosha omzimba awuhlobo lwamaprotheni olwenziwa ama-B-cell lymphocyte ethu ukuze alwe futhi aqede ukutheleleka kanye nezifo (amagciwane). Sinezinhlobo ezahlukene zamasosha omzimba futhi ngayinye ilwa kuphela nohlobo oluthile lwe-pathogen. Chofoza izihloko ezingezansi ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezihlukene zamasotsha omzimba.
I-Immunoglobulin Gamma
Sinamasosha omzimba e-IgG amaningi kunanoma iyiphi enye i-antibody. Akheke njengohlamvu Y .
I-IgG itholakala kakhulu egazini lethu nakolunye uketshezi lomzimba. Lawa maprotheni anenkumbulo ye-immunological, ngakho akhumbula izifo owawunazo esikhathini esidlule futhi angazibona kalula esikhathini esizayo.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma sinesifo sigcina i-memory IgG ethile eyisipesheli egazini ukuze isivikele esikhathini esizayo.
Uma ungenayo i-IgG enempilo eyanele, ungase uthole izifo eziningi noma ube nobunzima bokuqeda izifo.
I-Immunoglobulin Alpha (IgA)
I-IgA iyi-antibody etholakala kakhulu kulwelwesi lwamafinyila oluhlanganisa amathumbu ethu kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula. Enye i-IgA ingaba sematheni ethu, izinyembezi kanye nobisi lwebele.
I-IgM iyi-antibody enkulu kunazo zonke esinayo futhi ifana no-“Y” aba-5 ndawonye ngendlela yesondo lenqola. I-antibody yokuqala esizeni lapho sinezifo, ngakho izinga lakho le-IgM lingakhuphuka ngesikhathi sokutheleleka, kodwa bese libuyela kwesejwayelekile uma i-IgG noma amanye amasosha omzimba esecushiwe.
Amazinga aphansi e-IgM angaholela ekutheni uthole izifo eziningi kunokuvamile.
I-Immunoglobulin Epsilon (IgE)
I-Immunoglobulin Delta (IgD)
I-IgD ingelinye lamasosha omzimba aqondwa kancane. Kodwa-ke, lokho okwaziwayo ukuthi ikhiqizwa amangqamuzana e-plasma, futhi ngokuvamile itholakala inamathele kwamanye ama-B-cell lymphocyte avuthiwe ku-spleen yethu, ama-lymph nodes, ama-tonsils kanye nolwelwesi lomlomo wethu kanye ne-airways (ama-mucous membranes).
Amaseli e-plasma awuhlobo oluvuthiwe kakhulu lwe-B-cell lymphocyte.
Inani elincane le-IgD lingatholakala egazini lethu, emaphashini, emigudwini yomoya, emiseleni yezinyembezi nasendlebeni ephakathi. I-IgD kucatshangwa ukuthi ikhuthaza ama-B-cell lymphocyte avuthiwe ukuthi abe amaseli e-plasma. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni izifo zokuphefumula.
I-IgD ivame ukutholakala kanye ne-IgM, nokho akucaci ukuthi zisebenza kanjani noma zisebenza ndawonye.
Izimpawu ze-hypogammaglobulinemia
Izimpawu ze-hypogammaglobulinemia zihlobene namasosha akho omzimba abuthakathaka kanye nezifo ozithola ngenxa yalokho.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-hypogammaglobulinemia zifaka:
- Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe kokuphefumula okufana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, inyumoniya, i-COVID.
- Ukutheleleka ngomgudu wakho wamathumbu (esiswini nasemathunjini) okuholela ekubambeni kwesisu, isifo sohudo noma umoya onuka kabi noma i-poo.
- Ukutheleleka okungajwayelekile
- Ubunzima bokudlula izifo.
- Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (umkhuhlane) lama-38 degrees noma ngaphezulu.
- Ukugodola kanye nokuqina (ukuqhaqhazela)
Izinkinga ze-hypogammaglobulinemia
I-Hypogammaglobulinemia ingaba yisimo sofuzo ozalwa naso ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zakho, noma kungaba isimo sesibili. Leli khasi lewebhu limayelana ne-hypogammaglobulinemia yesibili njengoba liwumphumela wokwelapha kunesimo ozalwa naso.
Ukuba nomdlavuza we-B-cell lymphocyte yakho (njenge-B-cell lymphoma) kwandisa ingozi yakho ye-hypogammaglobulinemia ngoba ngama-B-cell lymphocyte enza amasosha ethu omzimba. Ezinye izimbangela zingabandakanya:
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
- Amasosha omzimba angama-monoclonal
- Izindlela zokwelapha eziqondisiwe njenge-BTK noma i-BCL2 inhibitors
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe emathanjeni akho noma kumnkantsha
- Corticosteroids
- Ukwelashwa kwamaselula njengokufakelwa kwe-Stem-cell noma ukwelashwa kwe-CAR T-cell
- Ukudla okungenamsoco
Ukwelashwa kwe-hypogammaglobulinemia
Ukwelashwa kwe-hypogammaglobulinemia kuhloswe ngayo ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha noma yikuphi ukutheleleka ngaphambi kokuba kube yingozi empilweni.
I-hematologist yakho noma i-oncologist ingase ikuqale ngomuthi othile wokuvimbela. I-Prophylactic isho ukuvimbela. Lezi zinikezwa ngisho noma ungenalo ukutheleleka, ukuzama ukukumisa ukugula kamuva, noma ukunciphisa izimpawu zakho uma ugula.
Ezinye izinhlobo zemithi ongase uqalise ngazo zihlanganisa:
- I-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Lokhu kunganikezwa njengomjovo ngqo emgudwini wegazi lakho, noma njengomjovo esiswini sakho. Igcwele ama-immunoglobulins avela kumnikeli ukusiza ukukhulisa amazinga akho e-immunoglobulin (antibody).
- Umuthi wokulwa nesikhunta njenge-fluconazole noma i-posaconazole. Lokhu kuvikela noma ukwelapha izifo zokukhunta njenge-thrush ongayithola emlonyeni noma ezithweni zangasese
- Umuthi wokulwa namagciwane njenge-valacyclovir. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuqubuka noma ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-herpes simplex virus (HSV), ebangela izilonda ezibandayo emlonyeni wakho noma izilonda ezithweni zakho zangasese.
- Umuthi wokulwa namagciwane njenge-trimethoprim. Lokhu kuvimbela izifo ezithile zamagciwane njenge-bacterial pneumonia.
Izimpawu zokutheleleka
Izimpawu zokutheleleka zingabandakanya:
- Imfiva noma izinga lokushisa elingu-38° noma ngaphezulu
- Ukugodola kanye/noma ukuqina (ukuqhaqhazela okungalawuleki)
- Ubuhlungu nobubomvu nxazonke zezilonda
- Ubovu noma ukuphuma enxebeni
- Ukukhwehlela noma umphimbo obuhlungu
- Ukuphefumula kanzima
- Ulimi oluboshwe olungathuthukisiwe ngemva kokuxubha
- Izilonda emlonyeni wakho ezibuhlungu futhi ezibomvu noma ezivuvukele (zivuvukele)
- Ubunzima, ubuhlungu noma ukushisa ukuya endlini yangasese
- Ukuzizwa ungaphathekile kahle
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
Ukwelapha izifo
Uma unegciwane, uzonikezwa umuthi ozokusiza ukunqoba ukutheleleka. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ama-antibiotics, ama-antifungal amaningi noma imithi elwa namagciwane kuye ngohlobo lwesifo onaso. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ungeniswe esibhedlela ukuze uthole le mithi.
Uma ugula, noma unezimpawu zokutheleleka, thintana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuthola udokotela wakho, shayela i-ambulensi ku-"000" noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe.
Isifinyezo
- I-Hypogammaglobulinemia yigama lezokwelapha elisetshenziselwa ukuba namazinga aphansi e-antibody egazini lakho.
- Amasosha omzimba abizwa nangokuthi ama-immunoglobulins futhi ayiphrotheni eyenziwe yi-B-cell lymphocyte.
- Ama-immunoglobulins ayingxenye enkulu yamasosha omzimba wethu futhi alwa nokutheleleka, izifo futhi asize ukuwaqeda emizimbeni yethu.
- Amazinga aphansi e-antibody angabangela ukuthi uthole izifo eziphindaphindiwe, noma ube nobunzima bokwedlula izifo.
- I-B-cell lymphomas, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-lymphoma kungabangela i-hypogammaglobulinemia.
- Ungase udinge ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwamasosha omzimba ukuze akuvikele ezifweni nasezifweni. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuthola ama-immunoglobulins kumnikeli noma i-prophylactic anti-fungal, imithi elwa namagciwane noma ama-antibiotics.
- I-Hypogammaglobulinemia ingaba yisimo sesikhathi esifushane noma idinga ukuphathwa isikhathi eside. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini ongayilindela.
- Uma unemibuzo, thintana nabahlengikazi bethu be-Lymphoma Care ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi thintana nathi phansi kwesikrini.
