Ukwelashwa kwe-lymphoma ngokuvamile kuyisinqumo esisindisa ukuphila. Kodwa-ke, futhi kukubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesibili kamuva ekuphileni. Ezimweni eziningi umdlavuza wesibili ungase ube ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwakho kwe-lymphoma. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu kungase kwenzeke ngaphambili.
Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yomdlavuza wesibili ohlukile ku-lymphoma yakho yokuqala. Okunye ukwelashwa kungase kwandise ubungozi bakho.
Akuwona wonke umuntu oke welashwa ozothola umdlavuza wesibili, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubungozi ukuze ukwazi ukulawula impilo yakho futhi uthole izeluleko zezokwelapha kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wakho jikelele (GP), udokotela wegazi, i-oncologist noma i-radiation oncologist yingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yimuphi umdlavuza wesibili usheshe utholakale futhi welashwe lapho kudingeka.
Leli khasi lizohlinzeka ngolwazi lokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke, yikuphi ukuhlolwa okufanele ube nakho, nokuthi uzombona nini udokotela mayelana nezimpawu ezintsha.
Uyini umdlavuza wesibili
Umdlavuza wesibili ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza omusha ongahlobene ne-lymphoma yakho yasekuqaleni noma ukuxilongwa kwe-CLL. Ikona hhayi ukubuyela emuva noma ukuguqulwa ye-lymphoma/CLL yakho.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-lymphoma ebuyile noma eshintshile, chofoza izixhumanisi ezingezansi.
Kungani kwenzeka umdlavuza wesibili?
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zisebenza ngokushintsha indlela amasosha akho omzimba asebenza ngayo, kanti ezinye zidala umonakalo oqondile ku-DNA yamangqamuzana akho. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba kusiza ukucekela phansi amaseli e-lymphoma. Kodwa-ke, kungandisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza wesibili njengoba amasosha akho omzimba engase abe buthaka, noma ukulimala kwe-DNA kungase kubangele amangqamuzana akhohlakele (alimele) aphunyuke amasosha akho omzimba futhi ande aze abe umdlavuza.
Abantu abaningi abawutholi umdlavuza wesibili. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ngengozi yakho ukuze ukwazi ukuhlolelwa futhi uthole izeluleko zezokwelapha kusenesikhathi.
Amaseli avame ukukhula kanjani?
Ngokuvamile amaseli akhula futhi ande ngendlela elawulwa ngokuqinile futhi ehlelekile. Zihlelelwe ukuthi zikhule futhi ziziphathe ngendlela ethile, futhi zande noma zife ngezikhathi ezithile.
Amaseli ngokwawo ane-microscopic - okusho ukuthi mancane kangangokuthi asikwazi ukuwabona. Kodwa, lapho zonke zihlangana ndawonye zakha zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu okuhlanganisa isikhumba sethu, izinzipho, amathambo, izinwele, ama-lymph nodes, igazi nezitho zomzimba.
Kunokuhlolwa okuningi namabhalansi okwenzekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaseli akhula ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi "izindawo zokuhlola amasosha omzimba". Izindawo zokuhlola amasosha omzimba zingamaphuzu ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamangqamuzana lapho amasosha omzimba “ehlola” ukuthi ingqamuzana liyingqamuzana elivamile, elinempilo.
Uma ingqamuzana lihlolwa futhi kutholakala ukuthi liphilile, liyaqhubeka likhula. Uma inesifo, noma ilimele ngandlela thize, iyalungiswa noma ibhujiswe (ife), futhi ikhishwe emizimbeni yethu ngohlelo lwethu lwe-lymphatic.
- Lapho amaseli anda, kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli.
- Uma amaseli efa kuthiwa apoptosis.
Le nqubo yokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli kanye ne-apoptosis ilawulwa yizakhi zofuzo ku-DNA yethu, futhi yenzeka emizimbeni yethu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Senza izigidigidi zamaseli nsuku zonke ukuze sithathele amadala aqede umsebenzi wawo noma alimele.
Ufuzo kanye ne-DNA
Ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana ngalinye (ngaphandle kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu) kunenucleus enamapheya angu-23 ama-chromosome.
Ama-Chromosome akhiwa i-DNA yethu, futhi i-DNA yethu yakhiwe izakhi zofuzo eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezinikeza “iresiphi” yokuthi amangqamuzana ethu kufanele akhule kanjani, ande, asebenze futhi ekugcineni afe.
Umdlavuza uvela lapho umonakalo noma amaphutha kwenzeka ezakhini zofuzo zethu. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-lymphoma zingabangela ukulimala okuhlala njalo ezakhini zofuzo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani lapho ufuzo ne-DNA yethu konakele kuvidiyo engezansi. Ungakhathazeki kakhulu ngawo wonke amagama amaprotheni nezinqubo, amagama awabalulekile njengalokho akwenzayo.
Uyini umdlavuza?
Umdlavuza yi-a isakhiisifo tic. Kwenzeka lapho umonakalo noma amaphutha kwenzeka kithi isakhis, okuholela ekukhuleni okungajwayelekile, okungalawuleki kwamaseli.
Umdlavuza kwenzeka lapho ukukhula okungalawuleki nokungavamile kwamaseli kuqhubeka futhi kwakha isimila, noma ukwanda kwamangqamuzana anomdlavuza egazini lakho noma ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic.
Lezi zinguquko ku-DNA yethu ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kofuzo noma ukuhlukahluka kofuzo.
Umdlavuza wesibili kwenzeka ngenxa yokwelashwa komonakalo womdlavuza wakho wokuqala - i-lymphoma noma i-CLL ebangela i-DNA yakho, izakhi zofuzo noma amasosha omzimba.
Iluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza wesibili olungenzeka?
Ukwelashwa kwe-lymphoma kungakubeka engcupheni ephakeme kancane yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wesibili ingase incike kakhulu kuhlobo lokwelashwa onalo, kanye nendawo ye-lymphoma ephathwayo.
Ukwelashwa nge-chemotherapy kungase kwenyuse ingozi yomzuzwana umdlavuza wegazi njenge-myeloma noma i-leukemia noma, uma uke waba ne-Hodgkin Lymphoma, ungase uhlakulele uhlobo oluncane lwe-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Ukwelashwa kwe-Car T-cell kungase kwandise ingozi yakho yokuba ne-T-cell lymphoma, i-leukemia noma umdlavuza wesikhumba, nakuba ingozi kukholakala ukuthi incane.
Ingozi yomdlavuza wesibili ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe ihlobene nendawo yomzimba wakho lapho ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwakuqondiswe khona.
Chofoza izihloko ezingezansi ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nobungozi bezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesibili.
Umdlavuza wesikhumba kungaba:
- I-basal cell carcinomas
- I-squamous cell carcinoma
- I-melanomas
- I-Merkel cell carcinomas.
Umdlavuza webele uvame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa, kodwa abesilisa basengawuthola umdlavuza webele. Uma ube nemisebe esifubeni sakho, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele kamuva ekuphileni.
Kufanele uqale ukuhlola unyaka nonyaka njenge-mammogram kanye ne-ultrasound kusukela eminyakeni engu-30 ubudala, noma iminyaka engu-8 ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwe-lymphoma/CLL - noma yikuphi okuza kuqala.
Ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele njengomphumela wesikhathi eside wokwelashwa kwe-lymphoma iphezulu uma ube nemisebe esifubeni sakho lapho uneminyaka engaphansi kuka-30 ubudala.
Buza udokotela wakho (udokotela wendawo) ukuthi akubonise ukuthi ungawahlola kanjani amabele akho izigaxa. Hlola izigaxa njalo ngenyanga futhi ubike noma yiziphi izinguquko kudokotela wakho.
Ungase uhlakulele i-lymphoma yesibili nengahlobene. Lokhu ehlukile ekubuyiseleni kabusha noma i-lymphoma eguquliwe.
Isibonelo, uma uke welashelwa i-Hodgkin Lymphoma ngaphambilini, ungase uhlakulele i-lymphoma yesibili okuwuhlobo oluncane lwe-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Uma uke waba ne-NHL esikhathini esidlule, ungase uthuthukise uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-NHL noma i-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Abanye abantu baye bahlakulela i-T-cell lymphoma ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-CAR T-cell ye-B-cell lymphoma.
Chofoza lapha ngolunye ulwazi ngezimpawu ze-lymphoma nokuthi kufanele ubone nini udokotela wakho.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwelashwa obunalo, ungase ube sengcupheni eyengeziwe yokuthola uhlobo lwe-leukemia olubizwa ngokuthi i-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Izimpawu ze-AML zihlanganisa:
- Ukopha noma ukulimaza kulula kunokujwayelekile, noma amachashaza ansomi noma abomvu.
- Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile
- Ukuncipha kwesisindo ngokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla noma ngaphandle kwaso
- Izilonda ezingapholi njengoba bekulindelekile
- Umkhuhlane kanye/noma amakhaza
- Amagciwane alokhu ebuya noma angapheli
- Ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuphelelwa umoya noma ubuhlungu besifuba
- Izinguquko ekuhlolweni kwegazi lakho.
Buza udokotela wakho uma usengozini eyengeziwe yokuthola i-AML nokuthi yikuphi ukulandelela ongase ukudinge.
Ungaba sengozini encane yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kamuva ekuphileni uma ube nemisebe esifubeni sakho. Le ngozi iyanda uma ubhema, nokho nalabo abangabhemi bangayithola.
Amasu amasha ekwelapheni ngemisebe akwenza kuphephe futhi anciphise ubungozi, kodwa kufanele ubike noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuphefumula kudokotela wakho uma zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngaphandle kwesizathu
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma uphelelwa umoya ngokushesha kunokulindelekile lapho uzivocavoca
- Ubuhlungu esifubeni
- Ukungakhululeki lapho uphefumula
- Ukukhwehlela ngephlegm noma ngaphandle kwayo
- Ekhwehlela igazi.
Ungaba sengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wegilo uma ube nemisebe entanyeni noma emphinjeni.
Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-thyroid zihlanganisa:
- Ubuhlungu bomphimbo noma ubuhlungu phambi kwentamo yakho obungase bufike ezindlebeni zakho
- Isigaxa esiphambi komphimbo wakho
- Ukuvuvukala entanyeni
- Kunzima ukugwinya noma ukuphefumula
- Izinguquko ezwini lakho
- Ukukhwehlela okungapheli.
Bonana nodokotela wangakini (GP) uma noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu zinzima, noma uma zihlala isikhathi eside kunamaviki ama-2.
Ukukhipha imisebe esiswini noma emathunjini akho kungase kwenyuse ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamathumbu kamuva ekuphileni. Bika zonke izinguquko kudokotela wakho ukuze azibuyekeze. Izinguquko ongazithola zihlanganisa:
- Uhudo noma ukuqotshwa
- Ukuqunjelwa noma ubuhlungu esiswini nasesiswini sakho
- Igazi uma uya endlini yangasese - lokhu kungase kubukeke njengegazi elibomvu elikhanyayo noma i-poo elimnyama elinamathelayo elimnyama
- Ubunzima bokudla ngenxa yokuzizwa usuthi
- I-nausea nokuhlanza
- Ukuncipha kwesisindo ngaphandle kokuzama.
Ungase ube sengcupheni eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wendlala yesinye uma ube nemisebe esiswini sakho noma endaweni ye-pelvic, noma unezinye izinhlobo zemithi elwa nomdlavuza efana ne-chemo, ehlosiwe noma i-immunotherapies.
Hlala uhlola i-prostate nodokotela wakho futhi ubike noma yiziphi izinguquko ezifana nalezi:
- ubunzima bokugeleza komchamo (weeing) noma ukudinga ukuhamba ngaphezu kokujwayelekile
- izinguquko ekuqhameni noma igazi esidodeni sakho
- ubuhlungu, ukuqunjelwa noma ukungakhululeki esiswini sakho.
Yimiphi umdlavuza wesibili ongase ube sengcupheni yawo, nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zokulandela nezikena okufanele ube nazo. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukusiza ukuhlela lezi zivivinyo.
Ingabe kuyifanele ingozi yokwelashwa?
Lesi yisinqumo somuntu siqu. Ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibili, nakuba iphakeme kunalabo abangazange bathole ukwelashwa kwe-lymphoma, isephansi.
Ngokuthola ukwelashwa manje, ungakwazi ngethemba ukuthi uzuze ukuxolelwa noma ngisho nokwelapha i-lymphoma yakho yamanje. Lokhu kungase kukunikeze iminyaka eminingi eyengeziwe yokuphila okuhle kwekhwalithi.
Ukwazi ukuthi kunengozi yomdlavuza wesibili kungase kubangele ukukhathazeka, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uzibheke nokuthi uzombona nini udokotela. Kusho futhi ukuthi uzolandelwa eduze futhi uthole izikena noma ukuhlolwa ukuze uthole noma yimuphi umdlavuza wesibili ongase ube khona kusenesikhathi. Ngethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzokunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuthi welashwe ngempumelelo.
Kodwa-ke, nguwe kuphela onganquma ukuthi yiziphi izingozi ozimisele ukuzithatha ngempilo yakho. Buza imibuzo yakho ye-hematologist mayelana nezingozi zokungatholi ukwelashwa abakuncomayo. Babuze ngezingozi zakho zokuthola umdlavuza wesibili nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zokulandelela okufanele ube nazo.
Bese, khuluma nabathandekayo bakho noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uma udinga. Yenza isinqumo sakho ngokusekelwe kulwazi olunikiwe, nokuthi yini ekulungele wena. Uma uzwa sengathi awunalo ulwazi olwanele, ungaphinda ucele umbono wesibili ngokwelashwa kwakho. I-hematologist yakho noma udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uhlele umbono wesibili.
Yiziphi izivivinyo zokulandelela okufanele ngibe nazo?
Ayikho iphrothokholi eqondile yokwenza ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibili ngemuva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi okudingayo kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwe-lymphoma obunayo, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha obunazo, kanye nezindawo zomzimba wakho ezithintekile.
Khuluma ne-hematologist yakho noma i-oncologist mayelana nezinhlobo zokuhlolwa kokulandelela okufanele ube nakho. Nokho, ngezansi umhlahlandlela walokho okudingeka ukucabangele.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile njengoba kunconywe i-oncologist yakho noma i-hematologist.
- Ukuzihlola kwamabele kwanyanga zonke (bika izinguquko kudokotela wakho ngokushesha), kanye ne-mammogram kanye/noma i-ultrasound njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho.
- I-mammogram yaminyaka yonke kanye ne-ultrasound kusukela eminyakeni engu-30 noma iminyaka engu-8 ngemva kokukhipha imisebe esifubeni sakho uma ukwelashwa kwakungaphambi kweminyaka engu-30.
- I-Pap smears njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba minyaka yonke - kaningi uma kunconywa udokotela wakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamathumbu njalo onyakeni wesibili kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engama-50, nangaphambi kwalokho uma kunconywe udokotela wakho.
- I-Prostate ihlola minyaka yonke kusukela eminyakeni engu-50, futhi ngaphambili uma kunconywa udokotela wakho.
- Imithi yokugoma njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho.
Isifinyezo
- Ukwelashwa kwe-lymphoma kungasindisa ukuphila, kodwa zonke izinhlobo zokwelapha nazo zikubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wesibili kamuva ekuphileni.
- Umdlavuza wesibili awukona ukuphindaphinda noma ukuguqulwa kwe-lymphoma yakho yasekuqaleni. Iwuhlobo oluhlukile lomdlavuza olungahlobene ne-lymphoma yakho.
- Ukwelashwa nge-radiotherapy kungakubeka engcupheni enkulu yomdlavuza wesibili endaweni lapho imisebe yayiqondiswe khona.
- I-Chemotherapy ingandisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza wegazi wesibili, noma ezinye izinhlobo zamathumba aqinile.
- Umdlavuza wesikhumba umdlavuza wesibili ovame kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba minyaka yonke kubalulekile.
- Abesilisa nabesifazane bobabili bangathola umdlavuza webele nakuba uvame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Uma ube nemisebe esifubeni sakho, qala ukuzihlola wena nyanga zonke, bese ubika zonke izinguquko kudokotela wakho.
- Hlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngazo zonke izivivinyo zakho ezinconyiwe zokuhlola, izikena, nemigomo.
- Buza i-hematologist yakho, i-oncologist noma i-radiation oncologist mayelana nezingozi zakho zomdlavuza wesibili futhi wenze uhlelo nabo lokunakekelwa kokulandelela.
- Uma ungakabi naye udokotela omethembayo, bheka oyedwa futhi ubazise ngokwelashwa kwakho kanye nezingozi eziqhubekayo. Bacele ukuthi baxhumane ne-hematologist yakho, i-oncologist noma i-radiation oncologist ukuze uthole isiqondiso mayelana nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kokulandelela.
