Ukwelashwa kwesondlo kuvame ukusetshenziswa nama-lymphoma subtypes amaningana ngenjongo yokugcina i-lymphoma ixolelwe isikhathi eside.
Kuyini ukwelashwa kwesondlo?
Ukwelashwa kwesondlo kubhekisela ekwelashweni okuqhubekayo ngemva kokuba ukwelashwa kokuqala kufake i-lymphoma ekuxolelweni (i-lymphoma yehlile noma isabela ekwelashweni). Inhloso ukwenza ukuxolelwa kuthathe isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokwelapha olusetshenziswa ekunakekeleni i-antibody (njenge-Rituximab noma i-Obinutuzumab).
I-Chemotherapy ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha yokugcina izingane kanye nabantu abasha abanayo i-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Ngokuvamile ziqalwa phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-6 zokuqala ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala ukuze kugcinwe i-lymphoma ukuthi ingaqhubeki noma iqhubeke.
Ukwelashwa kwesondlo kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Kuye ngohlobo lwe-lymphoma kanye nezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswayo, ukwelashwa kwesondlo kungase kuthathe amasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka. Akuzona zonke iziguli ezinconywa ukuba zithole ukwelashwa kwesondlo uma i-lymphoma yazo ilawulwa ngemva kokwelashwa kokungeniswa. Kutholakale ukuthi kunezinzuzo kwezinye izinhlobo ze-lymphoma.
I-Rituximab iyi-antibody ye-monoclonal evame ukutuswa njengokwelashwa kwesondlo ezigulini ezinezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Lezi ziguli ngokuvamile zithole i-rituximab njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwazo kokungeniswa, ngokuvamile okuhambisana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali (okuthiwa i-chemoimmunotherapy).
Uma i-lymphoma iphendula ekwelashweni kokuqala, i-rituximab ingase inconywe ukuthi iqhutshekwe 'njengokwelashwa kwesondlo'. I-rituximab esigabeni sokunakekela isetshenziswa kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2-3. I-Rituximab okwamanje inikezwa isikhathi esiphezulu seminyaka emi-2, nakuba izivivinyo zomtholampilo zihlola ukuthi ingabe ikhona yini inzuzo ekwelashweni kwesondlo okuqhubekayo isikhathi eside. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwesondlo, i-rituximab inganikezwa ngomjovo (ngokujova emithanjeni) noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba (ngokujova ngaphansi kwesikhumba).
Kungenjalo, i-Obinutuzumab (Gazyva) ingenye i-monoclonal antibody ephinde isetshenziselwe ukunakekela iziguli ezine-follicular lymphoma post chemotherapy. I-Obinutuzumab isetshenziswa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-2 iminyaka emi-2.
Ubani othola ukwelashwa kwesondlo?
I-rituximab yesondlo isetshenziswe kakhulu kuma-subtypes angenalutho e-NHL afana ne-follicular lymphoma. Ukwelashwa kwesondlo okwamanje kuyabhekwa kwezinye izinhlobo ezincane ze-lymphomas. Izingane kanye nabantu abasha abane-lymphoblastic lymphoma banganikezwa ukwelashwa kwesondlo nge-chemotherapy ukuvimbela i-lymphoma yabo ibuyele emuva. Lena inkambo yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali engaqini kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokwelashwa kwesondlo?
Ukuba nokwelashwa kwesondlo nge-rituximab noma i-Obinutuzumab kungandisa ubude bokuxolelwa ezigulini ezine-follicular noma mantle cell lymphoma. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ukuphindela emuva kungabambezeleka noma kuvinjwe, ngokuqhubeka noma 'ukugcina' ukwelashwa nge-rituximab ngenkathi iziguli zixolelwe. Umgomo uwukuvimbela iziguli eziye zasabela ekwelashweni kokuqala ukuthi zingabuyeli ekuguleni kuyilapho ekugcineni zithuthukisa ukusinda kukonke. E-Australia, lokhu kuxhaswa kuphela umphakathi (i-PBS) ye-rituximab ku-follicular lymphoma.
Izingozi zokwelashwa kwesondlo
Nakuba imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesondlo ngokuvamile inemiphumela engemihle embalwa kunenhlanganisela ye-chemotherapy, iziguli zisengathola izehlakalo ezimbi ezivela kulokhu kwelashwa. Udokotela uzocabangela zonke izimo zomtholampilo ngaphambi kokunquma ukwelashwa kokuqala kanye nokuthi isiguli sizozuza yini ekwelashweni kwesondlo ngokumelene nokunye ukwelashwa noma 'buka futhi ulinde'.
Iziguli eziningi azinayo imiphumela emibi eminingi enzima ngenkathi iku-rituximab. Kodwa-ke, akulungile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi wonke umuntu athole ukwelashwa kwesondlo. Eminye yemiphumela emibi engaba khona yokulungiswa kwe-Rituximab yilezi:
- Ukusabela okweqile
- Ukunciphisa imiphumela kumaseli egazi
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu noma izimpawu zomkhuhlane
- Ukukhathala noma ukukhathala
- Ukushintsha kwesikhumba njengokuqubuka
Ukwelashwa okungaphansi kophenyo njengokwelashwa kwesondlo
Imithi eminingi emisha yabantu ngabanye kanye nenhlanganisela iyalingwa emhlabeni wonke ukuze isetshenziswe ekwelashweni kokugcinwa kwe-lymphoma. Eminye yale mithi ihlanganisa:
- I-Bortezomib (Velcade)
- I-Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris)
- I-Lenalidomide (Revlimid)
- I-Vorinostat (Zolinza)
Ucwaningo lwesayensi luthuthuka ngokuqhubekayo. Izinketho zokwelapha zingashintsha njengoba kutholwa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha futhi nezindlela zokwelapha ziyathuthukiswa.
Ulwazi olunzulu
Ungafinyelela ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokwelashwa kwesondlo okutholayo ngokulandela izixhumanisi ezingezansi:
