Igazi lethu lakhiwe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, amaplatelet noketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-plasma. Amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi ayisizathu esenza igazi lethu libebomvu, futhi athola umbala wawo obomvu ephrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin (Hb).
I-anemia ingaba uphawu lomdlavuza wegazi, kuhlanganise nezinye izinhlobo ezincane ze-lymphoma. Kuphinde kube wumphumela ojwayelekile oseceleni wokwelashwa komdlavuza okufana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye ne- total body irradiation (TBI). Ezinye izimbangela ze-anemia zihlanganisa amazinga ensimbi ephansi noma i-vitamin B12, izinkinga zezinso noma ukulahlekelwa igazi.
I-anemia yigama lezokwelapha elisetshenziswa uma ungenawo amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele noma i-hemoglobin egazini lakho.
Odinga ukukwazi ngamaseli abomvu egazi ne-hemoglobin
Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu enziwa emnkantsheni wethu - ingxenye ephakathi eyisipontshi yamathambo ethu, bese edlulela emgudwini wethu wegazi.
I-Hemoglobin iyiphrotheni emangqamuzaneni ethu abomvu egazi awenza abe bomvu.
Umoya-mpilo unamathela ku-hemoglobin emangqamuzaneni ethu abomvu egazi lapho edlula emaphashini ethu. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abe esekhipha umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke amanye amalungu omzimba wethu lapho igazi lethu ligeleza kuwo.
Njengoba amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ehlisa umoya-mpilo, abuye acoshe imfucumfucu enjenge-carbon dioxide kulezo zindawo. Bese bethatha imfucuza bayibuyisele emaphashini ethu ukuze sikwazi ukuyikhipha.
Lapho igazi ligeleza ezinsweni zethu, izinso zethu zizwa ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi nomoya-mpilo esinawo angakanani. Uma leli zinga lehla, izinso zethu zikhiqiza i-hormone eyengeziwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythropoietin. Le hormone ibe isishukumisa umnkantsha wethu ukuba wenze amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engeziwe.
Amangqamuzana ethu abomvu yiwona kuphela amangqamuzana emizimbeni yethu angenayo i-nucleus. I-nucleus iyingxenye yengqamuzana ethwala i-DNA ne-RNA yethu.
Ngenxa yokuthi azinayo i-nucleus (noma i-DNA ne-RNA ngaphakathi kwazo) azikwazi ukuziphindaphinda (ukwenza elinye ingqamuzana ngengqamuzana lokuqala) noma ukuzilungisa lapho zonakele.
Umnkantsha wethu wenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200 nsuku zonke, futhi ngalinye liphila cishe izinyanga ezintathu.
Uma kudingeka, umnkantsha wethu ungandisa inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi okwenza izikhathi eziyisi-8 ngaphezu kwenani elivamile.
Iyini i-Anaemia?
I-anemia yigama lezokwelapha lamaseli abomvu egazi aphansi kanye ne-hemoglobin. I-Chemotherapy iyimbangela eyinhloko ye-anemia lapho uthola ukwelashwa kwe-lymphoma. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-chemotherapy iqondise kumaseli akhula ngokushesha, futhi ngeshwa, ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaseli anempilo akhula ngokushesha namaseli anomdlavuza akhula ngokushesha.
Khumbula ngenhla, sithe umnkantsha wethu wenza amangqamuzana abomvu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200 nsuku zonke? Lokho kubenza babe isisulu esingahlosiwe sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
Uma une-anemia ungase uthole izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophansi ngenxa yokuba namaseli amancane egazini lakho, kanye nezimpawu ze-Hypoxia (amazinga aphansi komoyampilo). Umoya-mpilo udingwa yiwo wonke amangqamuzana emizimbeni yethu ukuze abe namandla adingekayo ukuze asebenze.
Izimpawu ze-anemia
- Ukukhathala okukhulu nokukhathala - Lokhu kuhlukile ekukhathaleni okuvamile futhi akuthuthukiswa ngokuphumula noma ukulala.
- Ukuswela amandla nokuzizwa ubuthakathaka umzimba wonke.
- Ukuphelelwa umoya ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-oxygen.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba umzimba wakho uzama ukuthola igazi eliningi (ngakho-ke umoya-mpilo) emzimbeni wakho. Inhliziyo yakho idinga ukupompa ngokushesha ukuze igazi lizungeze umzimba wakho ngokushesha.
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi. Igazi lakho liba lincane ngoba unamangqamuzana amancane, futhi inhliziyo yakho ayinaso isikhathi sokugcwala phakathi kwezigqi lapho ishaya ngokushesha, okubangela ukwehla komfutho wegazi.
- Ukuzizwa unesiyezi noma unekhanda elilula.
- Izinsizwa.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba.
- Ukudideka noma ubunzima bokugxila.
- Isikhumba esiphaphathekile. Lokhu kungase kubonakale ngaphakathi kwezinkophe zakho.
- Imisipha ebuhlungu noma amalunga.
Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa kwe-anemia
Ukwelashwa kwe-anemia kuncike kumbangela. Uma imbangela ye-anemia yakho ibangelwa:
- amazinga e-iron aphansi, ungase udinge izithasiselo ze-ayoni njengamaphilisi okusansimbi noma ukuthelelwa okusansimbi - okunikezwa ngokuconsa egazini lakho.
- amazinga aphansi kavithamini B12, ungase udinge izithasiselo ezifana namaphilisi noma umjovo.
- Izinso zakho azikwazi ukukhiqiza ngokwanele i-hormone erythropoietin, ungase udinge umjovo onohlobo lokwenziwa lwale hormone ukuze ushukumise umnkantsha wakho ukuba ukhiqize amangqamuzana abomvu engeziwe.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-anemia yakho ibangelwa ukwelashwa kwakho kwe-lymphoma ukuphathwa kuhluke kancane. Imbangela ayibangelwa ukushoda kokuthile okungashintshwa. Kubangelwa amangqamuzana akho ahlaselwa ngokuqondile ukwelashwa kwakho.
Isikhathi
Ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa kwe-anemia yakho. I-chemotherapy yakho inikezwa ngemijikelezo enesikhathi sokuphumula phakathi komjikelezo ngamunye, ukunikeza umzimba wakho isikhathi sokushintsha amangqamuzana abhujisiwe.
Ukumpontshelwa igazi
Kwezinye izimo, ungase udinge ukumpontshelwa igazi nge amaseli abomvu egazi agcwele (PRBC). Kulapho okunikelwa ngegazi lalowo onikelayo kuhlunga, bese amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ekhishwa kulo lonke igazi. Ube usumpontshelwa amangqamuzana abo abomvu egazi ngqo emgudwini wegazi lakho.
Ukumpontshelwa kwama-PRBC ngokuvamile kuthatha noma yikuphi phakathi kwamahora angu-1-4. Nokho, akuzona zonke izibhedlela ezinendawo yokugcina igazi esizeni, ngakho kungase kube nokubambezeleka njengoba igazi liphuma endaweni engaphandle.
Isifinyezo
- I-anemia iwumphumela ovamile ohlangothini lwezokwelapha ze-lymphoma, kodwa kunezinye izimbangela futhi.
- Ukwelashwa kuzoncika kumbangela.
- Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anephrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin, ewanikeza umbala obomvu.
- Umoya-mpilo ubopha ku-hemoglobin futhi uyiswa kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu lapho igazi ligeleza kuzo.
- Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphinde athathe imfucuza efana ne-carbon dioxide emzimbeni wethu ayiyise emaphashini ethu ukuze iwukhiphe.
- Izimpawu ze-anemia zibangelwa ukuba negazi elincanyana, kanye nokungabi ne-oxygen eyanele ekutholeni amaseli emzimbeni wethu.
- Lapho amangqamuzana ethu abomvu nomoya-mpilo uphansi, izinso zethu zenza i-hormone erythropoietin eningi ukuze ishukumise umnkantsha wethu ukuba akhe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engeziwe.
- Ungase udinge ukumpontshelwa igazi ukuze ugcwalise amangqamuzana akho abomvu.
- Uma unanoma yimiphi imibuzo mayelana ne-anemia noma ukumpontshelwa igazi ungashayela Abahlengikazi Be-Lymphoma Care yethu ngoMsombuluko-uLwesihlanu 9am-4:30pm Isikhathi Esijwayelekile Sephasika. Chofoza inkinobho ethi xhumana nathi phansi kwesikrini ukuze uthole imininingwane yokuxhumana.
