Ukufumanisa ukuba une-lymphoma kunokuba lixesha elinzima kakhulu, kodwa ukuba nolwazi oluchanekileyo kunokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho kwaye kukuncede ucwangcise kwangaphambili. Eli phepha liza kukunika isishwankathelo sokuba yintoni i-lymphoma, iiseli zikhula njani, kwaye kutheni i-lymphoma ikhula, iimpawu ze-lymphoma kunye nonyango lwayo kunye namakhonkco aluncedo.
I-Lymphoma luhlobo lomhlaza ochaphazela iiseli zakho zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytes. I-Lymphocytes luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezixhasa amajoni ethu omzimba ngokulwa nosulelo kunye nezifo. Ubukhulu becala bahlala kwinkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic kwaye bambalwa kakhulu abafunyanwa egazini lethu. Ngenxa yokuba bahlala kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic, i-lymphoma kaninzi ayibonakali kwiimvavanyo zegazi.
Inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic inoxanduva lokucoca igazi lethu leetyhefu kunye nemveliso yenkunkuma kwaye ibandakanya i-lymph nodes, i-spleen, i-thymus, i-tonsils, i-appendix kunye ne-fluid ebizwa ngokuba yi-lymph. Inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic kwakhona apho i-B-cell lymphocytes yethu yenza izifo zokulwa ne-antibodies.
I-lymphomas ibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wegazi, umhlaza we-lymphatic system kunye nomhlaza we-immune system. Kodwa kunokuba ibe ziintlobo ezi-3 zomhlaza, la magama abonelela ngento, phi kwaye njani. Cofa kwiibhokisi ezingezantsi ukuze ufunde ngakumbi.
Iyintoni
Iyintoni
B-iiseli, ezenza amajoni omzimba ukulwa usulelo.
Iiseli ze-T ezinokulwa nosulelo ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zifune ezinye iiseli zomzimba.
Iiseli ze-NK - uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-T-cell.
Apho
Apho
Indlela
Indlela
Oku kuchaphazela amandla akho omzimba wokukugcina usempilweni kwaye ikukhusele kusulelo kunye nezifo.
Ukuba awukakwenzi, unokuthanda ukutyelela iphepha lethu lewebhu Ukuqonda inkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic kunye ne-immune system ngokucofa ikhonkco elingezantsi. Ukuqonda i-lymphatic kunye ne-immune system kuya kukunceda uqonde i-lymphoma lula.
Sineentlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-lymphocytes:
- B-cell lymphocytes kunye
- T-cell lymphocytes.
Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuba ne-B-cell lymphoma okanye i-T-cell lymphoma. Ezinye ii-lymphomas ezinqabileyo zii-Natural Killer cell (NK) lymphomas - iiseli ze-NK luhlobo lwe-T-cell lymphocyte.
I-Lymphoma iphinda idityaniswe ibe yiHodgkin Lymphoma kunye ne-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kweHodgkin kunye neNon-Hodgkin Lymphoma?
- IHodgkin Lymphoma – zonke ii-Hodgkin Lymphomas zii-lymphoma ze-B-cell lymphocytes. I-Hodgkin Lymphoma ichongwa xa iiseli ze-B ezinomhlaza zikhula ngendlela ethile kwaye zibe Iiseli zeReed-Sternberg- ezikhangeleka zahluke kakhulu kwiiseli ze-B eziqhelekileyo. Iiseli zeReed-Sternberg azikho kwi-Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Iiseli zeReed Sterberg zineprotheyini ethile ebizwa ngokuba yi-CD15 okanye i-CD30 kuzo. Cofa apha ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neHodgkin lymphoma.
- I-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) - ezi lymphomas zonke ezinye B-iiseli okanye T-cell lymphocytes, kuquka iiseli NK. I-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) ikwathathwa njenge-subtype ye-NHL njengoko isisifo esifana neso. I-Lymphocytic Lymphoma encinci. Kukho ngaphezu kwe-75 yee-subtypes ezahlukeneyo ze-NHL. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nee-subtypes ezahlukeneyo, cofa ikhonkco elingezantsi.
Ukuze uqonde i-lymphoma, kufuneka uqale wazi kancinane malunga nendlela iiseli ezikhula ngayo emzimbeni wakho.
Iiseli zikhula njani ngokwesiqhelo?
Ngokuqhelekileyo iiseli zikhula kwaye ziphindaphindeke ngendlela elawulwa ngokuqinileyo nelungelelanisiweyo. Zimiselwe ukuba zikhule kwaye ziziphathe ngendlela ethile, kwaye ziphindaphindeke okanye zife ngamaxesha athile.
Iiseli ngokwazo zi- microscopic - oku kuthetha ukuba zincinci kangangokuba asinakuzibona. Kodwa, xa zonke zidibana zenza onke amalungu omzimba wethu kuquka ulusu lwethu, iinzipho, amathambo, iinwele, iilymph nodes, igazi kunye namalungu omzimba.
Zininzi iitshekhi kunye neebhalansi ezenzekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiseli zikhula ngendlela eyiyo. Ezi ziquka "iindawo zokujonga amajoni omzimba". Ukuhlolwa kwamajoni omzimba ngamanqaku ngexesha lokukhula kweeseli apho amajoni ethu omzimba "ajonga" ukuba iseli iyiseli eqhelekileyo, esempilweni.
Ukuba iseli ijongiwe kwaye ifunyenwe isempilweni, iyaqhubeka ikhula. Ukuba inesifo, okanye yonakele ngandlel’ ithile, iyalungiswa okanye itshatyalaliswe (iyafa), ize isuswe emzimbeni wethu ngenkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic.
- Xa iiseli ziphindaphindeka, kubizwa ngokuba “kulwahlulo lweeseli”.
- Xa iiseli zisifa kuthiwa “apoptosis”.
Le nkqubo yokwahlukana kweeseli kunye ne-apoptosis ilawulwa yijene kwi-DNA yethu, kwaye iyenzeka emizimbeni yethu ngalo lonke ixesha. Senza iitriliyoni zeeseli yonke imihla ukuze sithathe indawo yezindala eziwugqibileyo umsebenzi wazo okanye wonakaliswe.
Imfuza kunye neDNA
Ngaphakathi kweseli nganye (ngaphandle kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi) kukho umongo onezibini ezingama-23 zeechromosome.
I-Chromosomes yenziwe yi-DNA yethu, kwaye i-DNA yethu yenziwe ngeejini ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezibonelela "iresiphi" yendlela iiseli zethu kufuneka zikhule, zande, zisebenze kwaye ekugqibeleni zife.
Umhlaza, kuquka i-lymphoma kunye ne-CLL yenzeka xa umonakalo okanye iimpazamo zenzeka kwimizila yethu.
Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuba kwenzekani xa iijini zethu kunye ne-DNA zonakaliswe kwividiyo engezantsi. Musa ukukhathazeka kakhulu malunga nawo onke amagama eeprotheyini kunye neenkqubo, amagama awabalulekanga njengento abayenzayo.
Yintoni umhlaza?
Umhlaza ngu geniisifo tic. Kwenzeka xa umonakalo okanye iimpazamo zenzeka kuthi genis, okukhokelela ekukhuleni okungaqhelekanga, okungalawulwayo kweeseli.
Kwi-lymphoma kunye ne-CLL, ukukhula okungalawulekiyo nokungaqhelekanga kwenzeka kwi-T-cell yakho okanye kwi-B-cell lymphocytes.
Olu tshintsho kwi-DNA yethu ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba lutshintsho lwemfuza okanye ukuhluka kofuzo. Zinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yeendlela zokuphila ezifana nokutshaya, umonakalo welanga, ukusetyenziswa kotywala obunzima (iinguqu ezifunyenweyo), okanye ngenxa yezifo ezihamba kwiintsapho zethu (iinguqu ezizuzwe njengefa). Kodwa kwezinye iicancer, asazi ukuba kutheni zisenzeka.
Yintoni ebangela iLymphoma & CLL
I-Lymphoma kunye ne-CLL zezinye zeentlobo zomhlaza apho singazi nje ukuba zibangelwa yintoni. Kukho izinto ezinobungozi eziye zachongwa, kodwa abantu abaninzi abanemingcipheko efanayo abaqhubeki ekuphuhliseni i-lymphoma okanye i-CLL ngelixa abanye, kungekho nanye yezinto ezinobungozi ezaziwayo.
Eminye imiba yomngcipheko inokuquka:
- Ukuba ukhe waba nentsholongwane ye-Epstein Barr (EBV). I-EBV ibangela i-mononucleosis (eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-mono" okanye i-glaular fever).
- Intsholongwane kaGawulayo (i-HIV).
- Izifo ezithile zesistim somzimba wakho, njenge-autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.
- Amajoni omzimba abuthathaka emva kwelungu okanye i-stem cell transplant. Okanye, kumayeza athile onokuthi uwathathe.
- Umzali, umntakwabo, okanye udade onembali yakhe ye-lymphoma.
Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuchonga izizathu ze-lymphoma kunye ne-CLL. Sakuba sichongiwe unobangela, sisenokukwazi ukufumana iindlela zokusithintela. Kodwa kude kube ngoko, ukwazi ngeempawu ze-lymphoma, kunye nokubona ugqirha kwangaphambili lelona thuba lihle lokulwa nalo.
Isishwankathelo seLymphoma kunye neCLL
I-Lymphoma ichaphazela abantu base-Australia abangaphezu kwama-7300 ngonyaka, kwaye ngowona mhlaza uxhaphakileyo we-6 kumadoda nabasetyhini abadala e-Australia, kodwa inokuchaphazela abantu bayo yonke iminyaka kubandakanya abantwana kunye neentsana.
Ngowona mhlaza uxhaphakileyo kubantu abatsha ababudala buphakathi kwe-15-29 iminyaka, kwaye ngowona mhlaza uxhaphakileyo kubantwana abaneminyaka eyi-3-0. Nangona kunjalo umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-lymphoma uyanda njengoko sikhula.
Yintoni ekufuneka ndiyazi malunga ne-lymphoma yam?
Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-80 ezahlukeneyo ze-lymphoma. Ezinye ii-subtypes zixhaphake kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zinqabile kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kwe-75 yale mincinci i-subtype ye-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, ngelixa i-5 i-subtypes ye-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi i-subtype onayo, kuba oku kunokuchaphazela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonyango olunokuthi lusebenze kakuhle kuwe, kwaye i-lymphoma iya kuqhubeka njani kwaye ngaphandle konyango. Kuya kukunceda ucwangcise kwangaphambili, wazi ukuba ulindele ntoni kwaye ikuncede ubuze ugqirha wakho imibuzo efanelekileyo.
I-lymphomas iphinda idityaniswe ibe yi-lymphoma engasebenziyo okanye ehlaselayo.
I-Lymphoma engapheliyo
I-Indolent lymphomas i-lymphomas ekhula ngokukhawuleza ehlala "ilala" kwaye ayikhuli. Oku kuthetha ukuba zikhona emzimbeni wakho, kodwa azenzi bungozi. Uninzi lwe-lymphomas indolent aludingi naluphi na unyango-ingakumbi ukuba zilele. Kwanenqanaba eliphambili, i-lymphomas engasebenziyo njengenqanaba lesi-3 kunye nenqanaba lesi-4 ayinakufuna unyango, ukuba ayibangeli zimpawu kwaye ayikhuli ngokukhutheleyo.
Uninzi lwe-lymphomas indolent ayikwazi ukuphiliswa, ngoko uya kuba ne-lymphoma ubomi bakho bonke. Kodwa, abantu abaninzi banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo kunye nexesha lokuphila kunye ne-lymphoma engenamsebenzi.
Usenokungabi nazimpawu ezibonakalayo xa une-lymphoma engenamsebenzi, kwaye unokuhlala nayo iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kweengxaki. Kwabanye abantu, akunakufunyaniswa ukuba ude uye kugqirha kwaye ujonge enye into.
Umntu omnye kwabahlanu abane-lymphoma engapheliyo akayi kufuna unyango lwe-lymphoma yabo. Nangona kunjalo, i-lymphomas indolent "inokuvuka" kwaye iqale ukukhula. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kuya kufuneka ukuba uqalise unyango. Kubalulekile ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba uqala ukufumana iimpawu njengamaqhuma amatsha okanye akhulayo (ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo) okanye B-impawu Kuquka:
- Ukubila ebusuku
- Ukwehla kobunzima obungalindelekanga
- Iqondo lobushushu kunye okanye ngaphandle kwengqele kunye nokungcangcazela.
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-lymphoma engasebenziyo "inokuguqula" ibe yi-subtype ye-lymphoma. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka uya kunikwa unyango olufanayo lwe-lymphoma ehlaselayo.
Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lwe-B-cell kunye ne-T-cell indolent lymphomas. Ukuba uyayazi subtype yakho, kwaye idweliswe apha, ungacofa kuyo ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.
Indolent (ekhula kancinane) B-cell NHL
- I-Follicular lymphoma (FL)
- I-Cronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- I-lymphoma ye-Marginal zone (MZL) kuquka i-MALT, i-Nodal kunye ne-Splenic
- I-Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM)
- Iseli yeleukemia enoboya
- I-Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL)
- I-Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant B-cell Lymphoma (eyayisakuba yi-NLPHL)
Indolent (ekhula kancinane) T-cell NHL
I-Lymphomas Eyingozi
I-Aggressive T-cell lymphomas ingaba nzima ukunyanga, kwaye unokufumana ukuxolelwa emva konyango. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukuba i-T-cell lymphomas ibuyele kwaye idinga ngaphezulu, okanye unyango oluqhubekayo.
Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba yintoni na elindelekileyo kunyango lwakho, kwaye ungakanani amathuba okuba unyangeke okanye ungene kuxolelo.
Unyango lwe-Lymphoma kunye ne-CLL
Ngenxa yeendidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-lymphoma, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zonyango. Xa usenza isicwangciso sakho sonyango ugqirha wakho uya kuqwalasela zonke ezi zinto kuquka:
- Yiyiphi i-subtype kunye nenqanaba le-lymphoma onayo.
- Nakuphi na ukuguqulwa kofuzo osenokuba unalo.
- Ubudala bakho, impilo iyonke kunye nalo naluphi na unyango onokuthi ube nalo lwezinye izigulo.
- Ingaba uye wafumana unyango lwe-lymphoma kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye ukuba kunjalo, uphendule njani kolo nyango.
Imibuzo kagqirha wakho
Kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa ukuba une-lymphoma okanye i-CLL. Kwaye, xa ungayazi into ongayaziyo, unokwazi njani ukuba yeyiphi imibuzo onokuyibuza?
Ukukunceda uqalise sihlanganise imibuzo onokuthi uyiprinte kwaye uye kwidinga lakho elilandelayo. Cofa nje ikhonkco elingezantsi ukukhuphela imibuzo yethu ukubuza ugqirha wakho.
Ngaba zikho ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wegazi?
Sineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezidlala indima eyahlukileyo ekulweni usulelo kunye nezifo. I-Lymphoma ngumhlaza weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytes. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba sineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kukho ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wegazi, kuquka i-leukemia kunye ne-myeloma.
Ileukemia
I-leukemia ichaphazela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zikhula kumongo wethambo okanye kwigazi. Ngeleukemia, iiseli zegazi aziveliswa ngendlela ebekumele ukuba zenziwe ngayo. Zisenokuba zininzi kakhulu, zibe mbalwa kakhulu, okanye iiseli zegazi ezingasebenzi ngendlela ebekufanele ngayo.
I-leukemia inokuhlelwa ngohlobo lweseli emhlophe echaphazelekayo, iseli ye-myeloid okanye iseli ye-lymphatic, kunye nokuba isifo siqhubela njani. I-Acute leukemia ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifuna unyango ngoko nangoko, ngelixa i-leukemia engapheliyo ikhula ixesha elide, kwaye isenokungafuni unyango.
Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe nceda ujonge i IWebhusayithi yeLeukemia Foundation.
UMyeloma
I-Myeloma ngumhlaza wengcali, kunye nolona hlobo luqolileyo lwe-B-cell lymphocyte - ebizwa ngokuba yi-plasma cell. Yiseli yeplasma evelisa amajoni omzimba (ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-immunoglobulins). Ngenxa yokuba iiseli zeplasma zinalo msebenzi ukhethekileyo, i-myeloma ihlelwa ngokwahlukileyo kwi-lymphomas.
Kwi-myeloma, iiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga zenza uhlobo olunye lwe-antibody eyaziwa ngokuba yiparaprotein. Le paraprotein ayinamsebenzi uluncedo, kwaye xa iiseli zeplasma ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ziqokelela kumongo wakho, umzimba wakho unokukufumanisa kunzima ukulwa nosulelo.
Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe nceda ujonge i Myeloma Australia Website.
isishwankathelo
- I-Lymphoma luhlobo lomhlaza wegazi ochaphazela iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytes.
- I-Lymphocytes ihlala kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic kwaye ixhasa amajoni ethu omzimba ngokulwa nosulelo kunye nezifo.
- I-Lymphoma iqala xa utshintsho kwi-DNA yethu lubangela ukukhula okungalawulwayo kunye nokungaqhelekanga kweeseli ze-lymphoma zomhlaza.
- I-Hodgkin Lymphoma kunye ne-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma zezona ntlobo ze-lymphoma, kodwa ziphinda zihlelwe njenge-B-cell okanye i-T-cell lymphomas, kunye ne-indolent or aggressive lymphomas.
- Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zonyango kwaye injongo yonyango iya kuxhomekeka kwi-subtype ye-lymphoma onayo.
- Ukuba awuyazi i-subtype ye-lymphoma yakho, okanye ukubaluleka kwe-subtype yakho, cela ugqirha wakho.
